Opinion
February 7, 2001.
Appeals from Order of Supreme Court, Niagara County, Joslin, J. — Summary Judgment.
Pigott, Jr., P. J., Pine, Hurlbutt, Kehoe and Lawton, JJ.
Order unanimously modified on the law and as modified affirmed without costs in accordance with the following
Memorandum: Terry Short (plaintiff) was injured while climbing a ladder at the Durez Division-Hooker Chemicals Plastic Corp. (Durez) plant of defendant Occidental Chemical Corporation (OCC). Plaintiff was an employee of Davis Refrigeration Company (Davis) assigned to work at the Durez plant. Plaintiff and his wife commenced this action against defendants alleging, inter alia, a cause of action under Labor Law § 240 (1). Defendants moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint as barred by the exclusive remedy provisions of Workers' Compensation Law §§ 11 and 29 (6) and for summary judgment dismissing the cause of action under Labor Law § 240 (1) on the ground that plaintiff was injured while performing routine maintenance in a non-construction, non-renovation context. Plaintiffs cross-moved for partial summary judgment on the issue of liability on the Labor Law § 240 (1) cause of action.
Supreme Court properly denied defendants' motion insofar as it sought dismissal of the complaint as barred by Workers' Compensation Law §§ 11 and 29 (6). Defendants contend that plaintiff was a special employee of OCC and submitted evidence establishing that OCC had exclusive control over plaintiffs work. Plaintiff, however, submitted evidence that Davis retained the authority to direct him to report to other locations and that he was neither aware of nor consented to a special employment relationship ( cf., Thompson v. Grumman Aerospace Corp., 78 N.Y.2d 553, 557-559). A person's status as a special employee is generally a question of fact and may be determined as a matter of law "[o]nly where the undisputed facts establish surrender of complete control by the general employer and assumption of control by the special employer" ( Ozzimo v. H.E.S., Inc., 249 A.D.2d 912, 913; see, Thompson v. Grumman Aerospace Corp., supra, at 557-558). Because there are questions of fact whether there was a surrender of complete control, summary judgment was properly denied.
The court erred, however, in granting defendants' motion insofar as it sought summary judgment under Labor Law § 240 (1). "It is well settled that the statute does not apply to routine maintenance in a non-construction, non-renovation context" ( Koch v. E.C.H. Holding Corp., 248 A.D.2d 510, 511, lv denied 92 N.Y.2d 811; see, Jehle v. Adams Hotel Assocs., 264 A.D.2d 354, 355; Howe v. 1660 Grand Is. Blvd., 209 A.D.2d 934, lv denied 85 N.Y.2d 803). Where a person is investigating a malfunction, however, efforts in furtherance of that investigation are protected activities under Labor Law § 240 (1) ( see, Craft v. Clark Trading Corp., 257 A.D.2d 886, 887; see also, Fuller v. Niagara Mohawk Power Corp., 213 A.D.2d 986, lv denied 86 N.Y.2d 708; cf., Breeden v. Sunset Indus. Park Assocs., 275 A.D.2d 726; Zevallos v. Treeco Plainview Ltd. Partnership, 267 A.D.2d 305, 306, lv denied 95 N.Y.2d 756). Defendants submitted evidence that plaintiff was changing an air filter, but plaintiffs submitted evidence that plaintiff was investigating a loose or broken piece of machinery in the air system. Thus, plaintiffs raised an issue of fact whether plaintiff was performing routine maintenance or protected repair work. On their cross appeal, plaintiffs contend that the court erred in denying their motion for partial summary judgment on liability under Labor Law § 240 (1). Neither party is entitled to summary judgment on that cause of action. We therefore modify the order by denying defendants' motion for summary judgment dismissing the cause of action under Labor Law § 240 (1) and reinstating that cause of action.