Summary
In Shepard Co. v. Taylor Publishing Co., 234 N.Y. 465, "liability created by statute" is defined as "a liability which would not exist but for the statute."
Summary of this case from City Investing Co. v. GerkenOpinion
Argued December 12, 1922
Decided January 16, 1923
Arthur V.D. Chamberlain for appellants.
F. Sidney Williams for respondent.
We agree with the Appellate Division that this action was not barred by the prior judgment recovered in the action to set aside the chattel mortgage as a fraud upon creditors. We also agree with the Appellate Division that this action is not barred by the Statute of Limitations, but we do not agree with the application of that statute as stated in its opinion. The Appellate Division was of the opinion that the ten-year Statute of Limitations applied. (Code of Civil Procedure, section 388.) This action was brought by the plaintiff as a judgment creditor under section 66 of the Stock Corporation Law (Cons. Laws, ch. 59), which provides that no conveyance, assignment or transfer of any property or security given by a corporation which is insolvent, with intent to give a preference to any particular creditor shall be valid. "Every person," so the section reads, "receiving by means of any such prohibited act or deed any property of the corporation shall be bound to account therefor to its creditors or stockholders or other trustees." We are of the opinion that subdivision 2 of section 382 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which provides a six-year limitation for an action to recover upon a liability created by statute, governs this case. The complaint in this action demands judgment that the chattel mortgage and the sale to the defendant Shuart on the foreclosure thereof be declared invalid and void, and that the mortgagee Shuart be directed and compelled to account to the plaintiff for the property obtained by her and the proceeds thereof. The liability of the mortgagee to turn back the property received upon the sale under the void chattel mortgage and to account for the proceeds was a liability created by statute. It did not exist at common law. "Liability created by statute" means a liability which would not exist but for the statute. ( Hawkins v. Iron Valley Furnace Company, 40 Ohio St. 507, 514.)
However, this six-year Statute of Limitations could not begin to run until the cause of action accrued to the plaintiff. The chattel mortgage was given by the Zachary P. Taylor Publishing Company to the defendant Harriet A. Shuart on April 4, 1912. The judgment against the publishing company was not recovered until March 24, 1914. This action was brought on July 30, 1919, within six years from the recovery of the judgment. The plaintiff could not have brought this action under the circumstances of this case until it had become a judgment creditor of the mortgagor. The right of a creditor to bring an action to set aside a fraudulent transfer of property made by his debtor ordinarily does not accrue until the recovery of a judgment against the debtor and the return of an execution thereon unsatisfied. Until that time, therefore, the Statute of Limitations does not begin to run against such a cause of action. ( Weaver v. Haviland, 142 N.Y. 534; Holland v. Grote, 125 App. Div. 413.)
The corporation or its stockholders might have brought this action but the stockholders were Zachary P. Taylor and his family; the mortgagee Shuart was his sister.
With this statement regarding our position on the Statute of Limitations, we affirm the order of the Appellate Division granting a new trial, and order judgment absolute against appellant upon the stipulation, with costs in all courts.
HISCOCK, Ch. J., HOGAN, CARDOZO, POUND, McLAUGHLIN, CRANE and ANDREWS, JJ., concur.
Order affirmed, etc.