Summary
prevailing party is determined by the outcome at the conclusion of the entire case
Summary of this case from Leonard v. Shepler Construction, Inc.Opinion
Nos. 12259-0-III; 12266-2-III.
May 6, 1993.
[1] Process — Service — Acceptance by Attorney — Waiver of Defenses. An attorney does not waive the client's defenses to allegations made in pleadings, including the defense of lack of jurisdiction, by accepting service of the pleadings.
Dismissal and Nonsuit — Evidence Beyond Pleadings — Effect.
[3] Judgment — Summary Judgment — Review — Role of Appellate Court. An appellate court reviews a summary judgment by engaging in the same inquiry as the trial court, considering all the facts and the reasonable inferences therefrom most favorably toward the nonmoving party.
[4] Judgment — Summary Judgment — Burden on Moving Party — Absence of Factual Issue. A party seeking a summary judgment has the burden of establishing the absence of any issue of material fact.
[5] Liens — Materialmen's Liens — Statutory Provisions — Construction — Strict Construction. Materialmen's liens are in derogation of the common law and are strictly construed. A party claiming a materialmen's lien must strictly comply with statutory requirements.
[6] Liens — Materialmen's Liens — Foreclosure — Necessary Parties — Property Owner. The owner of property subject to a materialmen's lien is a necessary party in an action to foreclose the lien.
[7] Liens — Materialmen's Liens — Foreclosure — Necessary Parties — Necessity of Service. In an action to foreclose a materialmen's lien, the failure of the lien claimant to serve a necessary party within the time period established by former RCW 60.04.100 necessitates a dismissal of the action.
[8] Liens — Materialmen's Liens — Foreclosure — Court Rules — Applicability. A lien foreclosure action constitutes a "special proceeding" within the meaning of CR 81, and the Superior Court Civil Rules do not supersede statutory provisions governing lien foreclosures.
[9] Appeal — Disposition of Cause — Affirmance on Other Grounds — In General. An appellate court may affirm a judgment on any ground established by the pleadings and supported by the proof.
Liens — Materialmen's Liens — Foreclosure — Necessary Parties — Addition — After Expiration of Time for Service.
[11] Liens — Materialmen's Liens — Foreclosure — Attorney Fees — Discretion of Court. An award of attorney fees to a prevailing party in a lien foreclosure action is reviewed under the abuse of discretion standard.
[12] Costs — Attorney Fees — Review — Prevailing Party — Reduction for Unsuccessful Defense. The fact that an attorney spent time pursuing an unsuccessful defense should not result in a reduced attorney fee award if the defendant prevailed in obtaining a dismissal of the action and the unsuccessful defense was related to the defense on which the defendant prevailed.
[13] Liens — Materialmen's Liens — Foreclosure — Attorney Fees — On Appeal. A trial court retains discretion to award attorney fees on appeal to a prevailing party in a lien foreclosure action.
Nature of Action: A painting subcontractor sought to foreclose a materialmen's lien. In an unpublished opinion noted at 60 Wn. App. 1071, the Court of Appeals reversed a dismissal of the claim.
Superior Court: The Superior Court for Yakima County, No. 89-2-01437-7, Heather Van Nuys, J., on February 21, 1992, entered a summary judgment, including attorney fees, in favor of the defendants.
Court of Appeals: Holding that the defendants had not waived their right to challenge the court's jurisdiction, that the plaintiff was required to serve the property owner, that the lien had expired, and that the award of attorney fees did not constitute an abuse of discretion, the court affirms the judgment and remands the case for an award of attorney fees on appeal.
John S. Moore and Velikanje, Moore Shore Inc. P.S.; Douglas A. Wilson, for appellant.
Timothy J. Carlson and Halverson Applegate, P.S., for respondents.
[As amended by order of the Court of Appeals July 8, 1993.]
Schumacher Painting Co. appeals the summary dismissal of its lien foreclosure claim contending the trial court erred in (1) refusing to dismiss a challenge to the court's jurisdiction, (2) dismissing the claim, and (3) granting judgment for attorney fees and costs. We affirm the summary judgment.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
First National Theatres, Inc. (FNT) owned the Valley Mall real property in Union Gap. First Union Real Estate Equity and Mortgage Investments Trust (Trust) owned all improvements on the property. Trust leased the real property on April 30, 1980. Trust then net leased Valley Mall to First Union Management, Inc. (First Union), who in turn leased to mall tenants.
In June 1988, Chinook Construction, Inc., contracted with Trust to construct improvements at the mall. Chinook subcontracted with Schumacher Painting Co. The subcontract erroneously identified First Union as the owner, but it also incorporated by reference the main contract which correctly identified Trust as the property owner. Schumacher certified it had read the main contract. Schumacher asserts however that First Union held itself out as the property owner both in transactions with Schumacher and with the public. Schumacher completed the painting between June 9 and November 17, 1988, and claimed payment due in the amount of $31,216.62. Trust paid Chinook, but Chinook failed to pay Schumacher.
On December 6, 1988, Schumacher filed a notice of claim of lien naming First Union as the property owner, although FNT was the record property owner at that time. On May 15, 1989, FNT quitclaimed the property to Trust.
On July 31, 1989, Schumacher filed and served a complaint to foreclose on the lien naming First Union. First Union answered and affirmatively averred lack of jurisdiction over the person and subject matter, insufficiency of process, and failure to join an indispensable party.
First Union moved to strike the lien and dismiss the cause of action asserting that the claim of lien was not verified nor was the property owner properly designated. In its motion, First Union denied owning the real property.
On June 15, 1990, the court granted the motion dismissing Schumacher's cause of action to foreclose its materialmen's lien, but granted Schumacher's motion to amend its complaint to add Trust to the breach of contract action. On June 15, Schumacher filed a second amended complaint naming Trust as a party. Schumacher also appealed the judgment on the pleadings to this court.
The record reveals that the breach of contract claim was later waived by Schumacher.
On April 9, 1991, this court in an unpublished opinion reversed the court's grant of summary judgment holding that the notice of lien claim, without the required verification, substantially complied with former RCW 60.04.060. We also ruled that Schumacher could amend its claim of lien to add the verification and the lien as amended would relate back.
Schumacher Painting Co. v. First Union Mgt., Inc., noted at 60 Wn. App. 1071 (1991).
On October 10, 1991, First Union and Trust answered Schumacher's second amended complaint, alleging insufficient service of process on Trust, lack of subject matter jurisdiction because the lien had not been properly filed and served, and that Schumacher's claim was time barred. Concurrently, they moved for dismissal pursuant to CR 12 or for summary judgment, CR 56.
The court first granted First Union and Trust's motions for dismissal and summary judgment. On February 4, 1992, following a series of motions for reconsideration, the trial court reviewed the entire record and dismissed Schumacher's claim for lien foreclosure. It held that Schumacher's amended complaint adding Trust would not relate back because the delay in joining Trust was the result of inexcusable neglect. The trial court entered a judgment against Schumacher for First Union's and Trust's attorney fees and costs in the amount of $41,365.20. Schumacher appeals.
Because we affirm the court's decision, we do not address respondents' cross appeal.
Schumacher contends First Union and Trust waived their right to challenge jurisdiction or should be estopped from doing so because: (1) neither First Union nor Trust objected to the joinder of Trust, (2) counsel for First Union and Trust accepted service of the amended complaint, and (3) neither challenged the service during the first appeal.
[1] Challenges to jurisdiction over the person must be raised by motion prior to answering a complaint, or asserted affirmatively in the responsive pleadings. CR 12(b), (h). Both First Union and Trust raised the jurisdiction issue in their respective answers at the first opportunity. There is no rule that by accepting service of pleadings an attorney waives his client's defenses to allegations made in those pleadings. See CR 12(h); French v. Gabriel, 116 Wn.2d 584, 588-89, 806 P.2d 1234 (1991). Here, the issue raised in the first appeal was limited to the validity of the claim of lien, absent a verification. The issue regarding jurisdiction was not addressed. Both First Union and the later joined Trust, therefore, had a right to assert the issue of lack of jurisdiction in their respective responsive pleadings and argue dismissal of Schumacher's complaint following our decision in the first appeal.
The issue was raised by motion before the trial court but was not briefed or argued. It did not form the basis for the court's dismissal. The record is unclear why it was not addressed. A more appropriate procedure would have been for the trial court to address the jurisdictional issue first.
[2-4] First Union and Trust moved for dismissal pursuant to CR 12 or CR 56. The court considered matters outside the pleadings. We therefore treat the dismissal as a summary judgment. In reviewing a summary judgment ruling, we engage in the same inquiry as the trial court, considering all facts and reasonable inferences which can be drawn from those facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. CR 56(c); Taggart v. State, 118 Wn.2d 195, 199, 822 P.2d 243 (1992); Hartley v. American Contract Bridge League, 61 Wn. App. 600, 603, 812 P.2d 109, review denied, 117 Wn.2d 1027 (1991). The moving party has the burden of establishing the absence of any issue of material fact. Safeco Ins. Co. of Am. v. Butler, 118 Wn.2d 383, 395, 823 P.2d 499 (1992).
NECESSARY PARTY
Schumacher contends that Trust was not a necessary party and that naming the reputed owner, First Union, satisfied the notice requirements of former RCW 60.04.100.
[5] Mechanics' and materialmen's liens are creatures of statute, in derogation of common law, and therefore must be strictly construed. Dean v. McFarland, 81 Wn.2d 215, 219-20, 500 P.2d 1244, 74 A.L.R.3d 378 (1972); Town Concrete Pipe of Wash., Inc. v. Redford, 43 Wn. App. 493, 497, 717 P.2d 1384 (1986). Schumacher must strictly comply with the statute. Pacific Erectors, Inc. v. Gall Landau Young Constr. Co., 62 Wn. App. 158, 168, 813 P.2d 1243 (1991), review denied, 118 Wn.2d 1015 (1992).
A claim of lien must be filed within 90 days of completion of the work and may name the reputed owner of the property. Former RCW 60.04.060. Here, the claim of lien was timely filed against the reputed owner of the property, First Union.
The Legislature repealed and recodified numerous provisions of the lien statute by Laws of 1991, ch. 281. RCW 60.04.060 was repealed and replaced by RCW 60.04.091. RCW 60.04.100 was repealed and replaced by RCW 60.04.141. The changes apply to improvements commenced by a potential lien claimant on or after June 1, 1992. RCW 60.04.902. The improvements by Schumacher were commenced June 9, 1988, so the prior statutes are applicable.
Such claim shall state . . . the name of the owner, or reputed owner if known, and if not known, that fact shall be mentioned . . .; and such claim of lien may be amended in case of action brought to foreclose the same, by order of the court, as pleadings may be, insofar as the interests of third parties shall not be affected by such amendment.
Former RCW 60.04.060.
An action to foreclose on a lien will be timely commenced if: (1) a summons and complaint are filed in court within 8 calendar months after the claim of lien has been filed; and (2) service of the complaint is made on all necessary parties within 90 days of the filing of the complaint. Former RCW 60.04.100. Schumacher timely filed a summons and complaint, but failed to serve the complaint on Trust within 90 days.
"[A]n action to enforce such lien shall not be timely commenced unless the filing of summons and complaint . . . shall be made prior to the expiration of the eight month period, and service of the summons and complaint shall be made upon all necessary parties personally, or by commencement of service by publication, not later than ninety days after the filing of the summons and complaint." Former RCW 60.04.100.
[6] Although statutes do not define the term necessary party, it is clear that the property owner is a necessary party. MB Constr. Co. v. O'Brien Commerce Ctr. Assocs., 63 Wn. App. 151, 156, 816 P.2d 1274 (1991) (citing Davis v. Bartz, 65 Wn. 395, 400, 118 P. 334 (1911)); Pacific Erectors, at 165; 1A B. Barker I. Scharf, Wash. Prac., Methods of Practice § 35.9, at 276 (3d ed. 1989). [7] Schumacher argues that service on the reputed owner, First Union, is sufficient. We disagree. Authority to name the reputed owner is limited to the filing of the notice of claim of lien which must be done within a short period of time in order to preserve lien rights (90 days). Former RCW 60.04.060. The lien claimant has 8 months to file the foreclosure action and 90 days to serve all necessary parties. Ample time is afforded to conduct a title search to determine the identity of the property owner. Because Trust is the property owner, it was a necessary party. It was not served until well after the statutory time period had passed. Schumacher did not comply with the notice requirements of former RCW 60.04.100. The lien therefore expired and the foreclosure action is void. Dismissal is appropriate. Pacific Erectors, at 165; Queen Anne Painting Co. v. Olney Assocs., Inc., 57 Wn. App. 389, 393, 396, 788 P.2d 580 (1990); Kinskie v. Capstin, 44 Wn. App. 462, 466, 722 P.2d 876 (1986).
When the Legislature repealed former RCW 60.04.100 and replaced it with RCW 60.04.141, the reference to the need to serve "necessary parties" was removed and language requiring that the "owner of the subject property" be served was inserted. Thus, the current statute specifically states what the case law had determined to be the intent of the prior statute.
RELATION BACK
[8] Schumacher argues, however, that any requirement to serve Trust was satisfied by the amendment adding Trust as a party defendant pursuant to CR 15(c). We disagree. Lien foreclosures are special proceedings and therefore general civil rules are not applicable. CR 81; Pacific Erectors, at 165; Queen Anne Painting, at 395.
CR 81(a) provides:
"Except where inconsistent with rules or statutes applicable to special proceedings, these rules shall govern all civil proceedings. Where statutes relating to special proceedings provide for procedure under former statutes applicable generally to civil actions, the procedure shall be governed by these rules."
[9] The trial court erroneously concluded that CR 15(c) was applicable and found that the amendment adding Trust would not relate back because of inexcusable neglect. It therefore dismissed the case. Although the dismissal was correct, the proper ground for dismissal was Schumacher's failure to comply with the statutory service requirements of former RCW 60.04.100. We, however, can affirm on any grounds established by the pleadings and supported by the proof. LaMon v. Butler, 112 Wn.2d 193, 200-01, 770 P.2d 1027, cert. denied, 493 U.S. 814 (1989).
[10] Schumacher contends that the amendment provision of former RCW 60.04.060 would be meaningless unless interpreted to permit the addition of property owners after expiration of the time for commencing the lien foreclosure action. Former RCW 60.04.060 allows amendments to the claim of lien to rectify problems like the one presented in the first appeal in this case — a required verification is not attached. It does not relieve the lien claimant of the statutorily mandated service requirements.
ATTORNEY FEES
[11] Schumacher contends the trial court erred in awarding attorney fees and expenses which included the first appeal. We review a trial court's award of attorney fees for an abuse of discretion. See Winans v. W.A.S., Inc., 52 Wn. App. 89, 101, 758 P.2d 503 (1988), aff'd, 112 Wn.2d 529, 772 P.2d 1001 (1989); Modern Builders, Inc. v. Manke, 27 Wn. App. 86, 96, 615 P.2d 1332, review denied, 94 Wn.2d 1023 (1980). The lien statute authorizes an award of attorney fees. Former RCW 60.04.130. The prevailing party is the party who has an affirmative judgment rendered in his favor at the conclusion of the entire case. Moritzky v. Heberlein, 40 Wn. App. 181, 183, 697 P.2d 1023 (1985). The trial court granted First Union's and Trust's motion to dismiss the lien foreclosure action. They are therefore the prevailing parties.
Former RCW 60.04.130 (repealed by Laws of 1991, ch. 281, § 31, and replaced by RCW 60.04.181, enacted by Laws of 1991, ch. 281, § 18) is applicable in this case, as the new statute applies to an "improvement commenced by a potential lien claimant on or after June 1, 1992 . . ." RCW 60.04.902.
Former RCW 60.04.130(5) reads in relevant part: "The court may allow to the prevailing party in the action, whether plaintiff or defendant, as part of the costs of the action, the moneys paid for filing or recording the claim, and a reasonable attorney's fee in the superior court, court of appeals, and supreme court."
[12] Statutory attorney fees awarded to a prevailing party should not be denied or reduced when the party was not successful on only one of several related claims. Winans, at 101; Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 440, 76 L.Ed.2d 40, 103 S.Ct. 1933 (1983). Reductions in fees are appropriate only when the fees are unreasonable because they were generated by claims that were distinct in all respects from successful claims. Hensley, 461 U.S. at 440. First Union was unsuccessful in an appeal regarding proper verification of the notice of claim of lien. But that claim was related to the lien foreclosure action on which it prevailed. The court did not abuse its discretion in the award of attorney fees to First Union and Trust.
[13] First Union and Trust request attorney fees on appeal. The trial court has discretion to award reasonable attorney fees both at the trial level and in the Court of Appeals. Former RCW 60.04.130; CH2M Hill, Inc. v. Greg Bogart Co., 47 Wn. App. 414, 419, 735 P.2d 1330, review denied, 108 Wn.2d 1023 (1987); see also West v. Jarvi, 44 Wn.2d 241, 251, 266 P.2d 1040 (1954) (right of trial court to fix attorney fees on an appeal of a lien foreclosure is not open to question); Haugen v. Raupach, 43 Wn.2d 147, 152, 260 P.2d 340 (1953) (trial court retains jurisdiction to award attorney fees on appeal in lien foreclosure action). We remand to the trial court for an award of fees on appeal. Gannon v. Emtman, 66 Wn.2d 755, 761, 405 P.2d 254 (1965); West, at 251; Haugen, at 152.
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. The case is remanded for an award of attorney fees.
SHIELDS, C.J., and MUNSON, J., concur.
Review denied at 122 Wn.2d 1013 (1993).