Opinion
January 8, 1913.
A.H. Cowie, for the appellant New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company.
Clyde W. Knapp, for the appellant McLeod.
Stewart F. Hancock, for the respondent.
It has been adjudged in this case that plaintiff's intestate, Frank C. Sargent, acquired an attorney's lien upon the cause of action of defendant McLeod against the defendant railroad company, which lien did not cease, ipso facto, upon Sargent's death, but attached to the $5,000 paid by the railroad company in settlement of the cause of action to the extent of one-third thereof, and judgment has been awarded foreclosing such lien against both defendants to the amount of $1,666.66, with interest, execution to issue first against the defendant McLeod, and upon return thereof unsatisfied then against the defendant railroad company. The findings of fact upon which these legal conclusions were reached are that Sargent in his lifetime performed all the services proper and necessary to protect and promote the interests of McLeod, and that such services were the cause of the offer of the railroad company to pay $5,000 in settlement and were the cause of such settlement, and that defendant McLeod is insolvent.
We think these findings of fact are sufficiently supported by the evidence. It did not appear that McLeod incurred any expense whatever after Sargent's death in reference to his case against the railroad company. He did not employ another attorney, nor did he, so far as the evidence discloses, accept in settlement any less sum than he would have been willing to accept had Sargent been living.
We think the judgment awarded is sustained by the weight of authority. In Clark v. Gilbert ( 26 N.Y. 279) the estate of an engineer, who had been employed under contract to erect certain docks in California, and who for his services was to receive certain compensation monthly, and upon the completion of the work one-third of the profits realized by the principal contractor, by whom he was employed, and who died before the completion of the contract, was held entitled to recover such proportion of one-third of the whole profits as the amount and cost of the work done at the time of his death bore to the entire cost of the work when completed. In the course of the opinion in that case it is said: "By applying the rule to this case, that the servant, when prevented by sickness or death from fully performing a contract for his personal services, may recover compensation for the services performed, at the rate specified in the contract, subject to the right of the employer to reduce the same, by proof of the damages, if any, sustained by him in consequence of the servant not being able to complete the stipulated term of service, justice would be done to both parties, and the plaintiff would recover one-third of the profits earned, at the time of the testator's death, on the contracts the defendant and his associates had with the government of the United States, not only for constructing the dry dock and the lease of it, but also the basin and railway, after deducting the damages, if any, the defendant sustained in consequence of the sickness and death of the testator, prior to the completion of the work." It was also held in that case that it was not a valid objection to the application of the rule that at the time the testator died the profits earned upon the contracts could not have been ascertained.
In Wolfe v. Howes ( 20 N.Y. 197) recovery by the executor was permitted for service performed by his testator under contract for personal services for the term of one year, where part of the compensation was not to be paid until the full performance of the contract at the end of the year. In that case, Judge ALLEN, after reviewing many English and American authorities, deduces from them conclusions which, in principle, support the judgment in the present case. He says: "There is good reason for the distinction which seems to obtain in all the cases, between the case of a willful or negligent violation of a contract and that where one is prevented by the act of God. In the one case, the application of the rule operates as a punishment to the person wantonly guilty of the breach, and tends to preserve the contract inviolable; while in the other, its exception is calculated to protect the rights of the unfortunate and honest man who is providentially and without fault on his part prevented from a full performance."
And from Story on Bailments is quoted the following: "That where the contract is for personal services which none but the promisor can perform, there inevitable accident or the act of God will excuse the non-performance, and enable the party to recover upon a quantum meruit. But where the thing to be done or work to be performed may be done by another person, then all accidents are at the risk of the promisor."
The conclusion reached by this learned judge is stated by him as follows: "The conclusion, then, is, that where the performance of work and labor is a condition precedent to entitle the party to recover, a fulfillment must be shown; yet that where performance is prevented or rendered impossible by the sickness or death of the party, a recovery may be had for the labor actually done. This is not out of harmony with principle or adjudged cases, and is certainly in harmony with the rules of common honesty and strict justice. * * * The contract was in fact discharged by the act of God, and its chief consequence was to measure the amount of the plaintiff's damages, or to regulate the compensation to which the plaintiff was entitled, though his remedy was as upon a quantum meruit."
The same rule was applied in Coe v. Smith ( 4 Ind. 79; 58 Am. Dec. 618), where the estate of a deceased attorney, who had contracted to defend his client's suit for the gross sum of $500, but who died before completing the defense, was allowed to recover as upon a quantum meruit for the value of the service performed prior to his death.
That an attorney's lien survives his death under contract for a contingent fee is held in Dodge v. Schell (10 Abb. N.C. 465). In that case, Judge WALLACE in the United States Circuit Court, on the authority of Wolfe v. Howes ( supra) and other cases, held: "That the executrix of Douglas [the deceased attorney] has a valid claim against the plaintiffs for the value of his services up to the time of his death, the entire performance of the contract, on his part, being prevented by his death."
We think that Badger v. Celler ( 41 App. Div. 599) is not in conflict with the authorities above referred to. In that case the controversy was submitted to the court without action as to the right of the executor of a deceased attorney to recover for his services rendered to the defendant in his lifetime under a contract for a contingent fee, where the action in which the services were rendered had not then been determined, and where it was impossible to say whether the action would ultimately be successful. It was very properly held in that case that there could be no recovery, because the defendant had recovered nothing upon the claim or demand which the attorney had been engaged in prosecuting upon the basis of a contingent fee. In the course of the opinion in that case Mr. Justice INGRAHAM, for the court, says: "We are not now concerned with a determination of the question whether an attorney, employed under such a contract as the one in question, who has rendered valuable services which result in his client's obtaining a substantial recovery upon the claim which he was employed to enforce, although such recovery should happen after the death of the attorney, would be entitled to some compensation for the services which he had rendered."
We conclude that plaintiff has been properly allowed a recovery to the extent of the one-third contracted by McLeod to be paid to Sargent for his services in bringing about a settlement before trial, inasmuch as the services rendered by Sargent are found by the court to have been the procuring cause of the settlement actually made. We think the defendants cannot complain, inasmuch as Sargent would have been entitled to that amount, if living, though he did not himself negotiate the settlement, and since McLeod has suffered no loss and incurred no expense in reference to the settlement since Sargent's death. We base our decision upon the findings made by the court, without approving all of the reasons assigned by the learned trial justice in his opinion for the judgment he gave.
We think the judgment appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.
All concurred.
Judgment affirmed, with costs.