Opinion
Civil No. 3403.
Filed July 2, 1934.
1. WATERS AND WATERCOURSES. — Complaint for injuries to plaintiff's land and crops by flooding land through irrigation ditch constructed and maintained by defendant held good as against general demurrer, where showing defendant's failure to use reasonable care in construction and equipment of flume by reason of which land was flooded.
2. WATERS AND WATERCOURSES. — Rule of care imposed on irrigation canal or ditch owner is that required of ordinarily prudent person.
3. WATERS AND WATERCOURSES. — Where flume destroyed was equipped with means to deflect water into waste ditch, failure to equip in similar manner flume built to take its place would be violation of duty which would render owner liable for flooding of land caused thereby.
4. WATERS AND WATERCOURSES. — Where complaint in action for damage to land by flooding through irrigation ditch alleged that waste waters flooded land, evidence showing it was irrigation waters that escaped from another ditch into plaintiff's ditch and flooded premises was immaterial variance.
Liability of irrigation district for injury by seepage or flooding due to defects in irrigation ditch or canal, see note in 74 A.L.R. 899. See, also, 26 Cal. Jur. 152.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of the County of Maricopa. G.A. Rodgers, Judge. Judgment affirmed.
Messrs. Sloan, McKesson Scott, for Appellant.
Messrs. Hayes, Stanford, Walton, Allee Williams, for Appellee.
This is an appeal from a judgment in an action brought by C.A. Stewart against the Salt River Valley Water Users' Association, a corporation, to recover damages for alleged injuries to the plaintiff's land and crops caused by flooding his premises through an irrigation ditch constructed and maintained by the defendant. The cause was tried to the court without a jury, and resulted in a verdict and judgment in favor of the plaintiff. Defendant has appealed.
Contending that the complaint failed to state a cause of action, defendant demurred to the complaint and also interposed a general denial.
Its first assignment is directed to the order overruling its general demurrer. It contends that there is no averment "that the negligence complained of was the proximate cause of the injuries set forth and pleaded."
In substance, the allegations of the complaint are as follows: That the Yuma Road extends east and west along the north boundary line of the premises; that on the north side of said road defendant maintains a waste ditch used by it for the purpose of carrying off waste and overflow water from lands in the vicinity; that on the south side of said road defendant maintains, as part of its distributing system, a large canal known as the Salt Canal; that the water for use on plaintiff's lands was taken from a lateral north of his premises and conveyed to his premises over said waste ditch and under said road and over the Salt Canal through a metal flume, and that, in addition to serving his premises, was used for carrying irrigating water for certain lands adjacent thereto and for carrying certain waste water from lands adjacent thereto. Then follows this allegation of negligence:
"That at times large quantities of waste water were discharged into said irrigation ditch and prior to 1928 a wooden flume was in use as same crossed said waste ditch, road and canal, with necessary and suitable appliances to cut off and take said waste water out of said flume into the said large waste ditch. But that, in the year 1928, the defendant replaced said wooden flume with a metal flume and negligently and carelessly failed and refused to attach or construct therewith any appliance, gate or cut-off arrangement whereby waste waters coming into said flume might be deflected and prevented from coming upon and overflowing plaintiff's lands.
"That in the fall of the year 1931, this plaintiff had a portion of the above described land planted to lettuce, to wit, thirty acres in the northwest corner of said tract, and on the night of October 20th of said year, at about ten o'clock P.M., a flood of waste waters came into the defendant's said flume, and as a result of and on account of the carelessness and neglect of the defendant in failing and refusing to provide in said new flume an arrangement or cut-off to deflect said waste water, all of same proceeded through said flume and on to this plaintiff's land and said lettuce crop planted thereon."
The negligence alleged is the failure of defendant to provide proper and adequate means of diverting water in excess of his needs that got into his ditch above his land, and thereby allowing such excess to run onto his lands and flood them.
It is said in 67 Corpus Juris 1423, § 1095:
"The owner of an irrigating ditch or canal, being bound to exercise reasonable care and prudence in the construction and management of the same, is ordinarily liable in damages for injuries resulting from the breaking, leakage, or overflow of such canal or ditch when caused by the want of the required care . . ."
The rule of care imposed upon an irrigation canal or ditch owner is that required of an ordinarily prudent person. That the flume was defective, in that no provision was made to prevent unneeded and excessive water from running upon plaintiff's lands, seems quite conclusive. The flume that was destroyed was equipped with means to deflect the water into the waste ditch; the one built to take its place, according to the complaint, was not so equipped; a violation of a plain duty.
It is said in Howell v. Big Horn Basin Colonization Co., 14 Wyo. 14, 81 P. 785, 790, 1 L.R.A. (N.S.) 596:
"The well-settled rule is that the owner of an irrigating ditch is bound to exercise reasonable care and skill to prevent injury to other persons from such ditch, and he will be liable for all damages occurring to others as a result of his negligence or unskillfulness in constructing, maintaining, or operating the ditch."
This rule is stated in Ketcham v. Modesto Irr. Dist., 135 Cal.App. 180, 26 P.2d 876, 878, as follows:
"The ordinary rule is that an irrigation district is bound to exercise reasonable care in the construction and maintenance of its ditches and canals, and when property is injured by seepage or flooding due to faulty construction or negligent maintenance of an irrigation ditch or canal, the irrigation district is liable for the resulting damage."
We think the complaint shows defendant did not exercise reasonable care and skill in the construction and equipment of the flume, and that by reason thereof plaintiff's lands were flooded. The complaint is good as against a general demurrer.
It is next contended the evidence does not support the allegations of the complaint, in that it is alleged that the waters that flowed onto plaintiff's lands and flooded them were waste waters, and the evidence shows it was irrigation waters that escaped from another ditch into plaintiff's ditch and flooded the premises. We think this is an immaterial variance. It makes no difference which kind it was, whether waste or irrigation water; the material thing being that more water was cast on lands by reason of defective construction and equipment of flume than should have reached them, thereby causing the injuries complained of.
No question is made of the amount of the damages or the sufficiency of the evidence to support them, and we do not go into that feature of the case.
The judgment is affirmed.
LOCKWOOD and McALISTER, JJ., concur.