Summary
In Bounds, the property owner did not properly procure a building permit to convert an old single family dwelling into four apartments.
Summary of this case from Stansbury v. JonesOpinion
[No. 41, September Term, 1965.]
Decided December 2, 1965.
ZONING — Appeal Dismissed For Failure To Specify Alleged Error Committed By Zoning Board As Required Under Rule B2 e — Under Rule B7 a Applicants Were Not Justified In Waiting For Board To File Transcript Before Stating Reasons For Appeal. Appellees, in an appeal from a denial of their request for a zoning variance, failed to set forth in their order for appeal the error committed by the agency from which the appeal was taken and this information was not supplied within ten days, as allowed by Maryland Rule B2 e. Appellants moved to dismiss the appeal on the grounds of the failure to specify the alleged error committed by the Board. As to the failure to comply with Rule B2 e and the resultant motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule B5, appellees stressed the fact that the transcript of the testimony taken before the Board was not filed or otherwise made available to them until ten days after the deadline for filing their petition had passed. However, since the specific language of Rule B7 a clearly shows that the filing of the transcript shall follow, and not precede, the filing of the petition stating the reasons for the appeal, the applicants below were not justified in waiting for the transcript before they ventured to state the reasons for their appeal. This Court held that the appellees failed to show a cause to the contrary which would justify the lower court's refusal to dismiss the appeal for non-compliance with Rule B2 e. pp. 551-553
ZONING — Dismissal Of Appeal Because Of Late Filing Of Petition Stating Reasons For Appeal — Rules B2 a And B5 Do Not Require Showing Of Prejudice To Adverse Party Caused By Late Filing — Rule B5 States Trial Court, In The Absence Of Cause To The Contrary, Shall Dismiss Appeal For Non-Compliance With Rule B2 e — Not A Discretionary Matter. p. 553
ZONING — Salisbury Ordinance — Dwelling Converted Into Apartments Violated Density Provision — Building Permit Was Not Obtained As Required Prior To Making Of Structural Changes — Variance Properly Denied — Hardship Resulting From Enforcement Of Ordinance Was Self-Inflicted And Purely Financial. In the instant case the appellees did not comply with the formal requirements of the Salisbury Zoning Code for obtaining a building permit and as a result a series of misunderstandings ensued which resulted in four apartments being built within an old house without the necessary building permit being issued. Since occupancy of the house by four families would have violated the Code's population density provisions, a variance was applied for. The Board of Zoning Appeals denied the variance. This Court held that the trial court erred in reversing the order of the Board. A self-inflicted hardship such as was evident in this case cannot be the basis for a variance. The construction of the fourth apartment and the resultant hardship could have been avoided if the appellees had used proper diligence in ascertaining what the density requirements were for a four apartment dwelling within the district in which this property was located, and then made accurate measurements to see if this particular property met the square footage requirements. Moreover, the hardship was shown to be of a purely financial nature, i.e., that appellees' return on their investment would be somewhat lower if the fourth apartment should remain unoccupied. But appellees did not show that further changes could not be made to utilize the space in three units or that the return on their investment would be other than reasonable. Under these circumstances the Board would have been correct in denying the variance even if the hardship had not been self-inflicted. pp. 549-551, 553-555
ZONING — Salisbury — Claim That Deficiency In Lot Size As Applied To City's Population Density Requirement Was Not Material Since There Would Be No Injury To The Public, Rejected — The Board, An Administrative Body, Was Not Empowered To Overlook Unambiguous Language Of Ordinance. pp. 555-556
S.K.S.
Decided December 2, 1965.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Wicomico County (TAYLOR, J.).
Edward G. Bounds, et al., appealed from a denial of a zoning variance by the Salisbury Board of Zoning Appeals. From an order reversing the Board's decision and ordering the director of the Bureau of Inspections to issue a building permit to the applicants, the Board appeals.
Reversed, costs to be paid by appellees.
The cause was argued before HAMMOND, MARBURY, OPPENHEIMER, BARNES and McWILLIAMS, JJ.
Victor H. Laws, City Solicitor, for appellants.
Hamilton P. Fox, with whom were Hearne, Fox and Bailey on the brief, for appellees.
The matter to be determined in this case is whether appellees will be allowed a variance to permit the use of a house, located at the southeast corner of West William Street and Park Avenue in Salisbury, Maryland, to be used as a four family dwelling instead of a three family dwelling, the latter being permitted without the necessity of obtaining a variance. Under the Salisbury Zoning Ordinance, before making any structural changes in a building, a permit must be obtained from the city's building inspector. The applicable sections of the Zoning Code provide that the request for such a permit must be made on a form supplied by the building inspector and signed by the applicant or his agent. The building inspector is then to determine whether the proposed changes will conform to the city's Zoning Code. If the requirements of the Code are met the building inspector is authorized to issue the building permit. In the instant case the appellees did not comply with the formal requirements of the Zoning Code, and as a result a series of misunderstandings ensued which resulted in four apartment units being built within the old house without the necessary building permit being issued. The appellees contend that the financial hardship which has resulted from these misunderstandings are the special circumstances upon which a variance should have been granted.
Edward G. Bounds and S. Norman Holland, Jr., appellees, in July or early August, 1964, purchased the subject property which contained some 8,500 square feet of land, and was improved by an old, three story, frame house which had been used as a single family dwelling. Prior to the purchase one of the appellees, Edward G. Bounds, together with Joseph B. Pettus, Jr., then building inspector for the city of Salisbury, visited the subject property in order to ascertain whether the house when converted into four, or possibly five, apartment units would comply with the density requirements of the Zoning Ordinance. The Salisbury Zoning Code requires a minimum of 2,500 square feet of land per family for a frame building in a residential C district in which the house is located. Measurements were made by Bounds and Pettus at this time on the incorrect assumption that the property extended to the curb line of the street instead of to the edge of the sidewalk nearest the house, which was the actual boundary. It is presently uncontroverted that even with the curb line being used as the boundary, the subject property would encompass something less than the 10,000 square feet required for four apartment units.
Thinking that the property contained "approximately 10,000 square feet," Pettus advised Bounds that five apartment units would not be allowed without a variance, but that four apartment units could be constructed by merely obtaining a building permit. Appellee Bounds advised the building inspector that he was going to Arkansas for a few days and told Pettus the name of his partner (co-appellee herein), the name of his attorney, and stated: "if you'll take care of it [obtaining a permit], I'll appreciate it." Pettus apparently agreed to make the necessary arrangements for the building permit, and did in fact issue a plumbing permit but he neglected to take any action with respect to the informally requested building permit.
When Bounds returned from his trip, he observed a building permit tacked to a tree on the property and he assumed, without examining, that it was the one he had requested Pettus to issue. Actually this permit was one granted some four years earlier which merely authorized a former owner to make minor repairs. Without further consultation with city officials, the appellees began making the structural changes necessary to convert the building into four apartment units. After eighty-five to ninety per cent of these changes had been made, the appellees discovered that they did not have a building permit. Appellees then made a formal application for the permit and the acting building inspector, Joe T. Hearn, issued a building permit on October 19, 1964, albeit authorizing only three apartment units. At this time the appellees had completed substantially one hundred per cent of the work on four apartment units.
When the acting building inspector refused to issue a building permit or a certificate of occupancy for the fourth family unit, Bounds and Holland applied to the Salisbury Board of Zoning Appeals to grant them a variance so as to allow the fourth apartment. The Board, after a hearing, refused to grant such a variance on the grounds that the applicants were responsible for obtaining a valid permit and had demonstrated no hardship other than financial, which was legally insufficient.
The appellees here then appealed the Board's decision to the Circuit Court for Wicomico County. In their order for appeal the appellees failed to set forth the error committed by the agency from which the appeal was taken and this information was not supplied within ten days, as allowed by Maryland Rule B2 e. The appellants here filed a timely motion to dismiss the appeal, setting forth the failure to specify the alleged error committed by the Board as the reason for the motion. Bounds and Holland then attempted, some forty days after filing their order for appeal, to correct the deficiency by filing a petition "in accordance with Rule B2 e" alleging numerous grounds for appeal. Rule B5. Dismissal of Appeal, states:
"If the appellant shall fail to file his order for appeal within the time prescribed by Rule B4 (Time for Filing) or any order issued pursuant thereto, or shall fail to file his petition within the time prescribed by section e of Rule B2 (How Appeal Taken), the court shall dismiss the appeal unless cause to the contrary be shown."
The motion to dismiss the appeal was argued before Judge Taylor on February 1, 1965. The appellees argued that the cause to the contrary shown for failing to state reasons why the Board should be reversed was that they did not have the transcript of the Board's proceedings until the date on which the motion to dismiss was filed. The trial court reserved ruling on the motion until after hearing the case on its merits. On March 1, 1965, Judge Taylor heard arguments of counsel as to the merits of the case. He then denied the motion to dismiss the appeal, and on March 4, 1965, issued an order reversing the decision of the Board of Zoning Appeals and ordering the director of the Bureau of Inspections to issue a building permit to the applicants (appellees herein), which as well had the effect of granting the variance for which application had been made. The trial judge did not set forth his reasons for denying the motion to dismiss or for the reversal of the Board, and none of the parties availed themselves of Rules 18 c and 564 b 2, which provide that the court upon motion of any party, seasonably made, shall prepare and file with the clerk a brief statement of the grounds for decision.
The Salisbury Board of Zoning Appeals and Henry P. Wojtanowski, Director of the Bureau of Inspections for the City of Salisbury, appealed to this Court contending (1) that the appellees' appeal to the trial court from the Board should have been dismissed for failure to comply with Rule B2 e, and (2) apart from procedural questions the trial court committed reversible error in reversing the decision of the Board.
As to the failure to comply with Rule B2 e and the resultant motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule B5, appellees (Bounds et al.) stressed the fact that the transcript of the testimony taken before the Board was not filed or otherwise made available to them until December 28, 1964, ten days after the deadline for filing their petition had passed. Appellees assert that this was "cause to the contrary" under Rule B5 for their failure to file a petition stating the reasons for the appeal in compliance with Rule B2 e, but no Maryland case so holds and it is difficult to envision how such a contention could be sustained in view of the specific language of Rule B7 a, which indicates that the Board must file its record with the trial court after it receives an appellant's petition pursuant to Rule B2 e. The germane language of Rule B7 is:
"Record.
"a. Time Within Which Required — Content. Promptly after receipt of a copy of the first petition filed in a case pursuant to section e of Rule B2 (How Appeal Taken) and in any event within thirty days after such receipt, * * * the agency shall transmit to the clerk of the court the original or a certified copy of the record of its proceedings, including any transcript of testimony and any exhibit filed therein; * * *."
Since the above language clearly shows that the filing of the transcript shall follow, and not precede, the filing of the petition stating the reasons for the appeal, applicants below were not justified in waiting for the transcript before they ventured to state the reasons for their appeal and thus the appellees herein failed to show a cause to the contrary which would justify the lower court's refusal to dismiss the appeal for non-compliance with Rule B2 e.
It was suggested, in appellees' brief and in argument before us, that absent a showing of prejudice to the appellants caused by the late filing of the petition, it was within the discretion of the trial court whether to condone the late filing of the petition and hear the case on its merits or to dismiss the appeal. The short answer to this is that Rules B2 e and B5 do not require any showing of prejudice to the adverse party and Rule B5 plainly states that the trial court, in the absence of cause to the contrary, shall dismiss the appeal for non-compliance with Rule B2 e.
Even though we think it was reversible error for the trial court to deny the motion to dismiss the appeal, we think the trial court also erred in reversing the order of the Board denying the variance.
Under Section 49.3 of the Salisbury Zoning Code, in order to authorize the variance applied for in this case, the Board was required to find that enforcement of the Code's population density provision would "* * * result in unwarranted hardship and injustice * * *" because of "* * * special conditions * * *." The only evidence before the Board as to hardship or injustice involving the property was the fact that repairs and alteration work had been substantially completed before an application for either a variance or a building permit had been made and that what had been done could not be undone without financial hardship to appellees. The appellants contend that a self-inflicted hardship such as was evident in this case can not be the basis for a variance. We agree. The general rule on this point is succinctly stated in 2 Rathkopf, The Law of Zoning and Planning, 48-1:
"§ 1. Hardship Caused by Affirmative Acts of Commission.
"Where property, due to unique circumstances applicable to it, cannot reasonably be adopted to use in conformity with the restrictions of the zoning ordinance, hardship arises which is capable of being relieved through the grant of a variance. The restrictions of the ordinance, taken in conjunction with the unique circumstances affecting the property must be the proximate cause of the hardship. If the peculiar circumstances which render the property incapable of being used in accordance with the restrictions contained in the ordinance have been themselves caused or created by the property owner or his predecessor in title, the essential basis of a variance, i.e., that the hardship be caused solely through the manner of operation of the ordinance upon the particular property, is lacking. In such case, a variance will not be granted; the hardship, arising as a result of the act of the owner or his predecessor will be regarded as having been self-created, barring relief.
"This rule is simple and of general application in the several states.
"There is a uniform application of the rule in those cases in which there has been an act on the part of the property owner or his predecessor which has physically so affected the property as to create a unique circumstance or which in itself created either a practical difficulty or hardship in conforming to the restrictions of the ordinance."
The instant case fits squarely within the above general rule. The construction of the fourth apartment and the resultant hardship could have been avoided if the appellees had used proper diligence in ascertaining what the density requirements were for a four apartment dwelling within the district in which this property is located, and then made accurate measurements to see if this particular property met the square footage requirements. The hardship here relied on was entirely self-created and the Board properly refused to allow it to be used as a fulcrum to lift, by way of a variance, the valid limitations imposed by the Salisbury Zoning Code.
Aside from the fact that the hardship shown to the Board was self-inflicted, it was also shown to be of a purely financial nature, i.e., that the applicants' return on their investment would be somewhat lower if the fourth apartment should remain unoccupied. Here the appellees made no attempt to show that further structural changes could not be reasonably made so that all the space in the house could be utilized in three apartment units, or that if the fourth apartment remained vacant the return on their investment would be other than reasonable. Under these circumstances we think the Board would have been correct in denying them the requested variance even if the hardship upon which it was based had not been self-inflicted.
Much of the appellees' brief seems to suggest that the deficiency in lot size as applied to the city's population density requirement was really not material since there would be no injury to the public, and as a consequence the Board would have been justified in overlooking this comparatively slight deviation. However, that administrative body was not empowered to overlook the clear and unambiguous language of the Salisbury Zoning Ordinances. The legislative body which enacted these regulations can, of course, always make changes in them, but until this is done the citizens of Salisbury are entitled to the strict enforcement of the existing zoning ordinances. Since sufficient grounds for a variance were not shown, the Board correctly refused to deviate from the legislative determination of what the proper density requirements should be.
Order reversed, costs to be paid by appellees.