Summary
holding that a racquetball club was not negligent for not having a defibrillator on site for emergency use
Summary of this case from Tolbert-Boyd v. MGM Nat'l Harbor, LLCOpinion
April 30, 1998
Appeal from the "Supreme Court (Harris, J.).
On November 2, 1991, 47-year-old Michael Greenberg (hereinafter decedent) was playing racquetball in a tournament sponsored by defendant American Amateur Racquetball Association (hereinafter AARA) at defendant Colonie Center Court Club, Inc. (hereinafter the Court Club). Decedent was an experienced racquetball player, regularly playing two to three times a week. During the tournament, decedent collapsed; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (hereinafter CPR) was immediately performed on decedent by a bystander and a doctor who was participating in the tournament, emergency medical services were called and decedent was taken to a local hospital; all attempts to revive him were unsuccessful. The cause of his tragic death was determined to be cardiac arrest, as a consequence of atherosclerotic heart disease.
Plaintiffs commenced this wrongful death action alleging negligence on the part of defendant; more specifically, the complaint alleged that (1) defendants failed to ensure that decedent was in good health before permitting his participation in the tournament, (2) defendants failed to have proper procedures, personnel and equipment (i.e., a defibrillator) ready to respond to medical emergencies at their tournament, and (3) defendants failed to warn decedent of the risks of his participation. After discovery AARA moved, and the Court Club cross-moved, for summary judgment dismissing the complaint. The motions were premised upon the grounds that AARA did not owe a duty of care to decedent because, as the tournaments sponsor, it did not control the tournament, that decedent had assumed the risk when he volunteered to participate in the tournament, and that any alleged negligence on the part of defendants was not the proximate cause of decedents death. Supreme Court denied the motions on the ground that, inter alia, there was a question of fact as to whether the alleged negligence, was the proximate cause of decedents death. Defendants appeal.
We reverse. It is well-settled law that voluntary participants in sporting events assume the risk of injuries normally associated with the sport ( see, Morgan v. State of New York, 90 N.Y.2d 471; Regan v. State of New York, 237 A.D.2d 851, lv denied 91 N.Y.2d 802; Conway v. Deer Park Union Free School Dist. No. 7, 234 A.D.2d 332, lv denied 90 N.Y.2d 809). A participant in a sporting event can be held to have consented to those injury-causing events which are known, apparent or reasonably foreseeable consequences of participation; a defendant generally has a duty to exercise reasonable care, to protect participants from unassumed, concealed or unreasonably increased risks ( see, Machowski v. Gallant, 234 A.D.2d 933). Moreover, relieving an owner or operator of a sporting facility from liability for the inherent risk of engaging in sports is "justified when the consenting participant is aware of the risk, has appreciation of the nature of the risks and voluntarily assumes the risk ( see, Morgan v. State of New York, supra). Furthermore, where the injured party had "previously participated in the sports activity on numerous occasions * * * it is not unreasonable to conclude that he or she assumed the obvious risk of injury in participating in that activity" ( Regan v. State of New York, supra, at 853; see, Capello v. Village of Suffern, 232 A.D.2d 599, 600; Marescot v. St. Augustine's R. C. School, 226 A.D.2d 507). In our view, this case is controlled by the rule found in Morgan v. State of New York ( 90 N.Y.2d 471) and Turcotte v. Fell ( 68 N.Y.2d 432), where the Court of Appeals held in each case that by participating in a sporting event the respective plaintiffs had consented that the extent of the duty owed to them by the defendants was no greater than merely to avoid reckless or intentionally harmful conduct.
Here, it is not the condition of a playing surface that is at issue ( see, Cronson v. Town of N. Hempstead, 245 A.D.2d 331; Stackwick v. Young Men's Christian Assn., 242 A.D.2d 878) but rather the consequences of voluntary physical exertion during a sporting event ( see, Benitez v. New York City Bd. of Educ., 73 N.Y.2d 650). Decedent was an experienced amateur racquetball player who was known to play two to three games a week, with each game lasting approximately 45 minutes. Further, decedent had participated in tournaments such as the one in question, and indeed was aware of the physical strain the games placed upon him. Clearly, the risk of cardiac failure is inherent when participating in a sport of such intensity and given decedents experience and background, we conclude that decedent assumed this risk. A reasonable person of decedents age and experience must be expected to know that there is an apparent and foreseeable risk of cardiac arrest while participating in the strenuous sport of racquetball ( see, Morgan v. State of New York, supra, at 488).
Moreover, it is uncontroverted that the entire staff at the Court Club was trained in CPR, that emergency 911 was called shortly after decedent collapsed and that a rescue squad arrived at the facility within five minutes. Plaintiffs contention that defendants were negligent in failing to have a defibrillator present during the tournament for immediate use lacks merit ( see, Putrino v. Buffalo Athletic Club, 193 A.D.2d 1127, aff'd 82 N.Y.2d 779). Accordingly, under the circumstances presented herein, decedent, as a matter of law, assumed the risks associated with playing racquetball and defendants performed their respective duties in a reasonable manner ( see, Turcotte v. Fell, supra).
Cardona, P.J., Mercure, White and Peters, JJ., concur.
Ordered that the order is reversed, on the law, with one bill of costs, motions granted, summary judgment awarded to defendants and complaint dismissed.