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holding that where a UCL claim is predicated upon other claims that fail, the UCL claim must be dismissed as well
Summary of this case from Flores v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.Opinion
Case No. CV 08-4214 SBA.
February 25, 2009.
Gibson, Dunn Crutcher LLP, Julian W. Poon, Kahn A. Scolnick, Blaine H. Evanson, Los Angeles, CA, Matthew S. Kahn (pro hac vice), Kareem Ghanem, San Francisco, CA, for Defendant Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT WALMART STORES, INC.'S MOTION TO DISMISS UNDER RULE 12(b)(6) AND STRIKE UNDER RULE 12(f) [Docket Nos. 16, 19, 37]
Before the Court are Defendant Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. ("Wal-Mart")'s Motion to Dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) and Strike under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(f) [Docket No. 16] and Motion to Dismiss or Stay Action under First-to-File-Rule, or Stay Proceedings pending Decisions by Appellate Courts on Controlling Issues of Law [Docket No. 19]. Plaintiffs filed oppositions to both motions [Docket Nos. 28, 29] and Defendant filed reply briefs [Docket Nos. 34, 36]. This Court, having considered the memoranda submitted and the relevant authorities finds that Plaintiffs have failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. As a matter of law, meal-period "premium" payments to employees are not included in the "rate" used to calculate the employee's overtime pay.
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Wal-Mart's Motion is GRANTED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiffs' Complaint is DISMISSED with prejudice.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiffs filed this action on September 5, 2008, on behalf of Plaintiff Bennett Rubin himself and a putative class defined as "all natural persons who were tendered a check for services performed for Wal-Mart in California during the period beginning four years prior to the filing of this case [i.e., starting on September 5, 2004] through the date of the filing of a motion for class certification." Compl., ¶ 15. Plaintiffs bring a claim under the Fair Labor Standards Act ("FLSA"), 29 U.S.C. § 216 (Claim One), and three state-law claims for alleged violations of sections 203 and 226 of the California Labor Code (Claims Two and Three), and Section 17200 of the California Business Professions Code ("Section 17200") (Claim Four). Each of Plaintiffs' claims rests on the allegation that Wal-Mart failed to include meal-period premiums paid to Wal-Mart employees under Section 226.7 of the California Labor Code in the "regular rate" of pay used to calculate overtime compensation.
LEGAL STANDARD
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) provides for dismissal of an action where the complaint fails to state a valid claim for relief. To survive a pleadings challenge, a plaintiff must plead "enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1974, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007); see also Weber v. Dep't of Veterans Affairs, 521 F.3d 1061, 1065 (9th Cir. 2008). Rule 12(b)(6) allows for dismissal where the facts pleaded, even if established, would not amount to a legal claim that could provide the plaintiff with relief. See, e.g., Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep't, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 1990) ("Dismissal can be based on the lack of a cognizable legal theory or the absence of sufficient facts alleged under a cognizable legal theory." (emphasis added) (citation omitted)).
ANALYSIS
1. Federal law requires that employees who work more than forty hours per week be paid an overtime premium. 29 U.S.C. § 207(a)(1). To determine the amount of that premium, employers must multiply the employee's pay rate by his or her overtime hours, and multiply that product by one and one half. Id. An employee's pay rate, or "regular rate," is calculated by dividing the employee's compensation by the number of hours worked. 29 U.S.C. § 207(e). The employee's compensation for purposes of this calculation includes "all remuneration for employment." Id. "Remuneration" includes such things as cost-of-living allowances and promised bonuses, 29 C.F.R. §§ 778.110(b), 778.211(c), but does not include, for example, any payment at premium wage rates, discretionary bonuses, gifts, or overtime pay. 29 U.S.C. § 207(e)(1), (3)(a), (5)-(7); see also 29 C.F.R. §§ 778.108, 778.210, 778.211(a), 778.308-778.314.
2. California law requires that "[i]f an employer fails to provide an employee a meal period . . . the employer shall pay the employee one additional hour of pay at the employee's regular rate of compensation." Cal. Lab. Code § 226.7. But the law does not require Wal-Mart to include this meal-period "premium" payment as "remuneration" in calculating an employee's "regular rate" for overtime purposes. To the contrary, federal regulations are clear that "payment at premium rates . . . made pursuant to the requirements of [an] applicable statute" "may be excluded from the regular rate" used to calculate overtime. 29 C.F.R. § 778.202(a), (d) (emphasis added).
3. The meal-period premiums required by Section 226.7 are both "payment at premium rates" and required by an "applicable statute." 29 C.F.R. § 778.202(d); see also Compl. ¶ 8 (citing Section 226.7), ¶ 9 (referring to payments as "meal-premium wages"), ¶ 12 (same). The California Supreme Court in Murphy v. Kenneth Cole Productions, Inc., 40 Cal. 4th 1094 (2007), repeatedly characterized meal-period premiums as premium payments equivalent to overtime pay (which itself is also considered a premium payment). Id. at 1108-09.
4. Courts and agencies interpreting the overtime and meal-period laws have uniformly concluded that meal-period premiums are not included in the overtime rate. See Kamar v. Radioshack Corp., 2008 WL 2229166, *4 n. 7 (C.D. Cal. May 15, 2008) (explaining that "meal period pay" is "in the nature of [a] premium[] required by law, [and therefore] not included in computing the regular rate of pay. . . ."); see also DLSE Enforcement Policies and Interpretations Manual, § 49.124(8).
5. Accordingly, Plaintiffs' First claim for relief under the FLSA fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.
6. Plaintiffs' Second and Third claims under the California Labor Code (Sections 203 226) similarly fail, because they are all based on the erroneous allegation that meal-period-premium payments must be included in the regular "rate" used to calculate an employee's overtime pay. See, e.g., White v. Starbucks Corp., 497 F. Supp. 2d 1080, 1089-90 (N.D. Cal. 2007) (dismissing claims under Section 226 and Section 17200 because they are "derivative" of underlying meal-period claims).
7. In addition, to the extent Plaintiffs' third claim for relief under California Labor Code Section 226 includes the allegation that Wal-Mart's pay stubs failed to list "the total hours worked by employees," this claim fails as a matter of law. The exhibit attached to the Complaint demonstrates, on its face, that Plaintiff Rubin's pay stubs did include the total hours worked. See Hal Roach Studios, Inc. v. Richard Feiner Co., 896 F.2d 1542, 1555 n. 19 (9th Cir. 1989); Migliori v. Boeing N. Am. Inc., 97 F. Supp. 2d 1001, 1004 (C.D. Cal. 2000) ("[I]n ruling on a 12(b)(6) motion, a court [may] consider exhibits submitted with the complaint.").
8. Finally, Plaintiffs' Fourth claim under Section 17200 — which is derivative of their erroneous overtime claims — also fails to state a valid cause of action. See White, 497 F. Supp. 2d at 1089-90 (dismissing Section 17200 claim where underlying claim was invalid). Moreover, neither Section 203 nor Section 226 can provide a basis for a Section 17200 claim, given that both statutes provide for a penalty, rather than wages. See In re Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Wage Hour Litig., 505 F. Supp. 2d 609, 619 (N.D. Cal. 2007) ( Smith/Ballard I); Tomlinson v. Indymac Bank, F.S.B, 359 F. Supp. 2d 891, 895 (C.D. Cal. 2005).
CONCLUSION
For the above reasons, this Court concludes that Plaintiffs have failed to state a valid claim upon which relief can be granted and DISMISSES the Complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). All dates in this matter are TERMINATED and the clerk is directed to close the file.
IT IS SO ORDERED.