Summary
explaining that even though a previous appellate decision in the case "was a per curiam affirmance without opinion," it established the law of the case on the matter in question
Summary of this case from Chipman v. StateOpinion
No. 2D03-3073.
August 18, 2004. Rehearing Denied February 1, 2005.
Appeal from the Circuit Court, Hillsborough County, Gregory P. Holder, J.
Rosemary Hanna Hayes and Tina L. Caraballo of Hayes Associates, Orlando, for Appellant.
A.J. Stanton, Jr., and Tara C. Early of Stanton Gasdick, P.A., Orlando, for Appellees.
RTM General Contractors, Inc. (RTM), appeals from a summary final judgment which awarded damages for a fraudulent lien to G/W Riverwalk, LLC (Riverwalk), in the amount of $245,243. We affirm.
The damages equaled the amount of RTM's claim of lien.
In July 1998, RTM and Riverwalk entered into three contracts for renovations to Riverwalk's property. RTM filed a construction lien for the unpaid amounts it alleged was owed to it for those renovations. In October 1998, RTM filed a single count lawsuit against Riverwalk to foreclose its construction claim of lien. Riverwalk filed an answer, affirmative defenses, and two-count counterclaim with the trial court. In its counterclaim, Riverwalk alleged that RTM had breached the construction contracts and that RTM had filed a fraudulent lien.
By stipulation, RTM's complaint was amended to reflect that Riverwalk had executed a transfer of lien bond and that both Riverwalk and its surety were liable under the bond for the amount of RTM's lien. The final judgment provided for the discharge of lien transfer bonds filed by Onebeacon Insurance Company. We affirm that portion of the final judgment without discussion.
The parties were sent to arbitration and disputes arose concerning whether the matter should proceed in arbitration. Ultimately, the trial court entered an order lifting a stay of arbitration. Riverwalk appealed that nonfinal order. This court found that the decision concerning whether the matter was arbitrable required an evidentiary hearing to determine whether the construction contracts were valid. Thus, we reversed and remanded "for further evidentiary proceedings as to the validity of the agreements." Riverwalk Apts., L.P. v. RTM Gen. Contractors, Inc., 779 So.2d 537, 540 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000) (" RTM I"). Mandate issued on January 9, 2001.
On remand, the trial court conducted the mandated evidentiary hearing on October 10-11, 2002. The trial court entered a written order setting forth factual findings which led it to conclude that the contracts were null, void, and unenforceable in that RTM allowed another party, DeVore and Associates, to use its contractor's license in conjunction with the Riverwalk construction project in violation of a Florida statute which criminalizes such conduct. See § 489.127(4)(b), Fla. Stat. (1997). The trial court further found that the claim of lien filed by RTM was unenforceable, willfully included amounts not owed to RTM, and was fraudulent.
RTM appealed that nonfinal order. This court affirmed that nonfinal order without opinion. RTM Gen. Contractors v. G/W Riverwalk, LLC, 840 So.2d 241 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003) (" RTM II"). A timely motion for rehearing and rehearing en banc was denied by this court, and mandate issued on March 18, 2003.
That order was immediately appealable pursuant to Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.130(a)(3)(C)(iv) as an order determining a party's entitlement to arbitration.
After prevailing in that appeal, Riverwalk proceeded on its motion for summary judgment. In its motion, Riverwalk asserted that RTM could not enforce its claim of lien in light of the trial court's determination that the operative contracts between RTM and Riverwalk were null, void, and unenforceable. Riverwalk also asserted that it was entitled to various damages as a result of the fraudulent lien. The trial court entered a summary final judgment on June 13, 2003, in favor of Riverwalk and against RTM. It is that summary final judgment from which RTM brings this appeal.
In this appeal, RTM asks this court to revisit the nonfinal order previously reviewed and affirmed by this court in RTM II. RTM urges this court to reverse that decision claiming that new facts have come to light, new law requires such a reversal and/or manifest injustice will occur if we do not reverse our prior decision.
Among the purported new facts, RTM maintains that Russ DeVore's subsequent licensure as a general contractor on June 19, 2000, cured the violation. First, we note that this was not a new fact. DeVore was licensed on June 19, 2000, long before the evidentiary hearing which took place in October 2002, and the affirmance of the order (entered in regard to the evidentiary hearing) in RTM II.
Second, and more importantly, we note that the issue of DeVore's licensure is immaterial. The construction contracts were entered into by RTM and Riverwalk. RTM, a "certified or registered contractor," performed none of the construction work on Riverwalk's property and instead knowingly allowed DeVore and Associates to use RTM's construction license in the performance of all the services and work associated with the Riverwalk project. See § 489.127(4)(b), Fla. Stat. (1997). Neither DeVore nor DeVore and Associates was RTM's employee or subcontractor. Neither DeVore nor DeVore and Associates was registered, certified, or qualified to "engage in the business, or act in the capacity of, a contractor" at the time RTM allowed them to use its license. See id. Thus, RTM violated section 489.127(4)(b), a violation of which can result in criminal penalties, when it knowingly allowed DeVore or DeVore and Associates to use its certification or registration number. The pertinent inquiry concerns not DeVore's violations, but rather RTM's violations. DeVore's subsequent licensure, which arguably cured DeVore's violation of section 489.128, Florida Statutes (1997), did not cure RTM's violation of section 489.127(4).
Third, we note that neither DeVore nor DeVore and Associates has ever been a party to this action.
Each of RTM's assertions is simply factually incorrect or totally immaterial. Further, although an appellate court is not necessarily bound to give preclusive effect to the law of the case where the prior decision was based upon review of an interlocutory order on a different issue, see Arch Southeast Communications, Inc. v. Abraham Communications, Inc., 702 So.2d 556 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997), the present case involves an interlocutory order which was subject to review on the dispositive issues now before this court. Thus, we find the present case to be distinguishable from Arch, where the issue of the validity of the underlying oral agreements was not raised until after the appellate court's affirmance of the denial of a motion to compel arbitration. In the present case, the validity of the agreements was litigated in the trial court. This court affirmed the trial court's legal conclusion that the contracts were null, void, and unenforceable, and we have been presented with no viable argument by RTM to reverse this court's prior decision in RTM II in the present appeal.
RTM argues that the issue of Russ DeVore's licensure was not previously litigated. Because the status of DeVore's licensure was immaterial in regard to the contract between RTM and Riverwalk, to which DeVore was not a party, this issue affords RTM no relief in this appeal.
Affirmed.
CASANUEVA, J., Concurs.
CANADY, J., Concurs specially with opinion.
I concur with the majority's decision to affirm. In my view, however, the summary judgment can be affirmed simply on the basis that our earlier decision in RTM II established as the law of the case that the contracts between Riverwalk and RTM were unenforceable. Although our decision in RTM II was a per curiam affirmance without opinion, that decision necessarily determined that the subject contracts were unenforceable. In addition, RTM has failed to present a sufficient argument to support the conclusion that application of the law of the case will result in a manifest injustice. See Fla. Dep't of Transp. v. Juliano, 801 So.2d 101, 105-06, 108 (Fla. 2001); Klak v. Eagles' Reserve Homeowner's Ass'n, 862 So.2d 947 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004).