Opinion
July Term, 1903.
Henry G.K. Heath, for the appellant.
Albert F. Gescheidt, Jr., for the respondent East Norwalk Lumber Company.
J. Mortimer Bell, for the respondents McConnell Manufacturing Company, Jacob Haag and George Hirsch.
The judgment in this case will have to be reversed because of errors in the admission of evidence and in the amendment of the complaint. The plaintiff, as the assignee of one Vantine, a contractor, who had entered into a contract with the defendant Gerry for the construction of a house, brought this action to foreclose a mechanic's lien, and the other defendants stand upon his right to recover, as sub-contractors and materialmen. The complaint, among other things essential to a recovery, alleges "that the said Albert Vantine, contractor, has duly fulfilled all the conditions of said contract on his part to be performed within the time therein specified, and as to such time as the performance thereof (has) been extended by the owner, and on the 14th day of December, 1901, at the time of the filing of the lien hereinafter mentioned and prior to the commencement of this action, the said Albert Vantine became entitled to receive from the defendant Isabel H. Gerry the sum of $2,062.12, which sum has not been paid," etc. The other defendants made the same allegation in substance in their answers. The defendant Gerry alleged as a separate defense that under the contract the building was to be completed on the 1st day of September, 1901; that the said contract was not completed at said time, nor has the same been completed, but said Albert Vantine abandoned said work and never fully performed the same; that no certificate from the architect named in the said contract that the said work had been completed to his satisfaction, or completed at all, was obtained by said Albert Vantine or this plaintiff before this action. The issue as thus made up was presented at the trial, and it appeared from the evidence that the allegations of the defendant Gerry were true; that the building had not been completed, and that the certificate of the architect had not been asked for or granted, and that Vantine had abandoned the work before its completion. While it is probably true that the work which was lacking was not specially important, and were the pleading for a substantial compliance the court might have been justified in permitting the plaintiff to recover the contract price, less the cost of completing the work under the specifications of the contract ( Spence v. Ham, 163 N.Y. 220, 225, 226), the difficulty presented on this appeal is that the learned referee permitted the plaintiff, under a complaint which alleged full performance, to give evidence of non-performance and excuses for such non-performance, and this over the specific objection of the defendant that the evidence did not tend to support the allegations of the complaint, and after this testimony had been admitted over the objection and exception of the defendant, the plaintiff was permitted to amend his complaint to conform to the facts thus proven, notwithstanding the objections and exceptions of the defendant. In Charlton v. Rose ( 24 App. Div. 485, 487) it was stated to be the rule that a motion, after the close of the evidence to conform the pleadings to the proof, can never be granted where the admission of the evidence was promptly objected to when offered upon the grounds that it did not tend to support the allegations of the pleadings, and a careful examination of the cases called to our attention by the plaintiff and respondents does not disclose a single instance in which this rule is questioned or departed from. On the contrary, it is insisted that a recovery may be had only secundum allegata et probata. ( Schnaier v. Nathan, 31 App. Div. 225, 226, and authorities there cited.) In Elting v. Dayton (17 N.Y. Supp. 849), cited in the case above, it was said: "An allegation in a complaint that the terms of a contract have been fully complied with does not authorize proof that it has not been complied with because of certain facts in respect to which no mention is made in the pleadings. * * * The only issue tendered by a pleading containing this allegation is as to completion of the contract, not to excuses for non-performance;" and when the learned referee overruled the objection that the evidence offered did not tend to support the allegation of the complaint, and permitted the plaintiff to introduce excuses for non-performance, as was done repeatedly, he introduced errors into the record which call for a reversal of the judgment.
The plaintiff's assignor had entered into a contract which called for the certificate of the architect as a condition precedent to the right to recover the final payment. It is not alleged in the complaint that such certificate has been granted, nor is any excuse pleaded why it has been impossible for the plaintiff to secure such certificate, and as the contract required this certificate the plaintiff could not recover upon an allegation of performance upon proving that the building had been completed without procuring the architect's certificate, or showing that it had been unreasonably refused, or that the defendant had waived its production. ( Weeks v. O'Brien, 141 N.Y. 199, 203.) But in the case at bar it appears that there is not only a failure in this respect, but that the plaintiff's assignor abandoned the work, so that unless he had completed the work without any omission so substantial in its character as to call for an allowance of damages, he is entitled to nothing upon the grounds of substantial compliance ( McGrath v. Horgan, 72 App. Div. 152, 155, and authorities there cited) except in subordination to the contract, which permits the defendant to complete the building at the expense of the contractor. (See Fox v. Davidson, 36 App. Div. 159, 162, 163.)
The judgment appealed from should be reversed and a new trial granted, costs to abide the final award of costs.
GOODRICH, P.J., BARTLETT, JENKS and HOOKER, JJ., concurred.
Judgment reversed and new trial granted, costs to abide the final award of costs.