Opinion
No. 07-56105.
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed.R.App.P. 34(a)(2).
Filed April 20, 2010.
Eric R. Larson, Esquire, San Diego, CA, for Petitioner-Appellant.
Miguel Rosales, Crescent City, CA, pro se.
Kristen Kinnaird Chenelia, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Office of the California Attorney General, San Diego, CA, for Respondents-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, Jeffrey T. Miller, District Judge, Presiding. D.C. No. CV-06-02327-JTM.
Before: RYMER, McKEOWN, and PAEZ, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
California state prisoner Miguel Rosales appeals from the district court's judgment denying his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 habeas petition. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253, and we affirm.
The California Court of Appeal denied Rosales' Sixth Amendment challenge to his upper term sentence "by applying a rule of decision contrary to clearly established Supreme Court precedent." See Butler v. Curry, 528 F.3d 624, 640 (9th Cir.), cert. denied ___ U.S. ___, 129 S.Ct. 767, 172 L.Ed.2d 763 (2008); see also 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d); Cunningham v. California, 549 U.S. 270, 288-89, 127 S.Ct. 856, 166 L.Ed.2d 856 (2007) (holding that California's determinate sentencing law violates the Sixth Amendment). The state's contention that Cunningham is a new procedural rule of constitutional law that does not apply retroactively on collateral review is foreclosed. See Butler, 528 F.3d at 639.
Applying de novo review to the constitutional claim, see id. at 641, the Sixth Amendment violation was harmless error. The record discloses that the trial court imposed the upper term sentence based, in part, upon the aggravating circumstance that Rosales' prior performance on probation or parole was unsatisfactory. The probation report considered by the trial court at sentencing contains ample evidence to support a jury finding of that aggravating circumstance beyond a reasonable doubt. The fact that the finding was made by the trial court rather than the jury did not have a substantial and injurious effect on Rosales' sentence. See id. at 648; Hoffman v. Arave, 236 F.3d 523, 540 (9th Cir. 2001).
AFFIRMED.