Summary
finding that venue was proper in Lawrence County where the plaintiff alleged joint or joint and several liability and one of the defendants was subject to venue in the county
Summary of this case from Sehl v. NeffOpinion
November 17, 1975.
March 29, 1976.
Assumpsit — Practice — Venue — Defendant's preliminary objections properly dismissed — Issue of venue properly raised — Objections to venue raising questions of jurisdiction — Proper appeal to Superior Court — Action against corporation and individual — Venue proper as to individual defendant — Joint and several liability — Pa.R.C.P. 1006 — Act of March 5, 1925, P.L. 23.
1. In this case, the plaintiff commenced an action against a corporation and an individual alleging joint and several liability. The corporate defendant filed preliminary objections alleging lack of venue and jurisdiction. It was Held that the court below properly dismissed the defendant's preliminary objections.
2. Orders entered on preliminary objections are interlocutory and ordinarily not appealable in the absence of a statute providing for appeal.
3. Objections as to venue raise questions of jurisdiction.
4. The Act of March 5, 1925, P.L. 23 provides that questions of jurisdiction over a defendant shall be preliminarily determined by the court and the decision may be appealed to the Supreme or Superior Court as in cases of final judgment.
5. The issue of improper venue may be raised by preliminary objections. Pa.R.C.P. 1006(e).
6. Pa.R.C.P. 1006 provides that actions against individuals "may be brought in and only in a county in which he may be served or in which the cause of action arose or where a transaction or occurrence took place out of which the cause of action arose or in any other county authorized by law."
7. Pa.R.C.P. 1006(c) provides: "an action to enforce a joint or joint and several liability against two or more defendants . . . may be brought against all defendants in any county in which the venue may be laid against any one of the defendants under the general rules of Subdivisions (a) or (b)."
8. Where venue is proper as to one defendant and improper as to another, the court may order all the actions to be tried in one county.
9. In this case, the plaintiff alleged that the corporate defendant and individual defendant were jointly or jointly and severally liable to it. It was Held that, since preliminary objections were not filed by the individual defendant, it may be assumed that venue as to the individual defendant was proper.
10. Where the plaintiff alleges joint or joint and several liability and venue as to an individual defendant is proper, it is also proper as to a corporate co-defendant.
Before WATKINS, P.J., JACOBS, HOFFMAN, CERCONE, PRICE, VAN der VOORT, and SPAETH, JJ.
Appeal, No. 441, April T., 1975, from order of Court of Common Pleas of Lawrence County, No. 176 of 1973, in case of Ro-Med Construction Co., Inc. v. Clyde M. Bartley Co., Inc., and Clyde M. Bartley, individually. Order affirmed.
Assumpsit.
Order entered dismissing preliminary objections by defendants in nature of a demurrer and motions by defendants for a more specific complaint, opinion by HENDERSON, P.J. Defendant, corporation, appealed.
George H. Hancher, for appellant.
No appearance entered nor brief submitted for appellee.
HOFFMAN and PRICE, JJ., concurred in the result.
Submitted November 17, 1975.
Appeal is taken from an Order of the lower court dismissing preliminary objections of appellant. Appellant's objection as to proper venue is the only issue before us.
The record shows that appellee filed a complaint in assumpsit as above-captioned, averring that the corporate defendant had an office in Lawrence County and that the individual defendant resided in Lawrence County. Appellant objected preliminarily that venue was improperly laid as to it, alleging that its registered place of business was Beaver County and that the performance of the contract involved was in Mercer County. The preliminary objections were endorsed with the standard notice to plead within twenty days. Appellee filed no answer to these objections. The lower court dismissed the objections, saying in its opinion that, first, appellant had failed to raise the issue of venue, and secondly, it failed to support its assertions. With this first conclusion we must disagree. Appellant's preliminary objections contained a "petition as to venue" and in its petition appellant asked for transfer of venue because of improper "venue and jurisdiction". With the second however we must agree for reasons stated herein below.
See Pa.R.C.P. 1017(b) (1).
"Orders made on preliminary objections are interlocutory, and ordinarily not appealable" in the absence of a statute providing for appeal. Wilcox v. Evans, 190 Pa. Super. 166, 168, 153 A.2d 817, 818 (1959). Also Pincus v. Mutual Assurance Co., 457 Pa. 94, 321 A.2d 906 (1974). However, the Act of March 5, 1925, P.L. 23, 12 Pa.C.S.A. § 672, provides as follows: "Wherever in any proceeding at law or in equity the question of jurisdiction over the defendant or of the cause of action for which suit is brought is raised in the court of first instance, it shall be preliminarily determined by the court upon the pleadings or with depositions, as the case may require; and the decision may be appealed to the Supreme Court or the Superior Court, as in cases of final judgment." While the distinction in terminology between "jurisdiction" and "venue" has unfortunately been obliterated to a great degree, our Supreme Court has spoken with authority that objections as to venue do raise questions of jurisdiction. Caplan v. Keystone Weaving Mills, Inc., 431 Pa. 407, 246 A.2d 384 (1968). As to the propriety of the venue chosen by a plaintiff, no procedural difference shall be noted between that and a strictly jurisdictional question of selecting a court possessing competence to entertain the case. Thus, it appears that improper venue is raised by preliminary objections. Pa. R.C.P. 1006(e) and Hohlstein v. Hohlstein, 223 Pa. Super. 348, 296 A.2d 886 (1972). Based upon the foregoing, we hold that this case is properly appealed, and we shall, pursuant to our jurisdictional duty, and the right given for appeal by the Act of 1925, supra, consider appellant's question. See Commonwealth ex rel. Levinson v. Levinson, 193 Pa. Super. 434, 165 A.2d 429 (1960).
"Appellate Court Jurisdiction", Act of 1970, July 31, P.L. 673, No. 223, Art. III, 17 Pa.C.S.A. § 211.301.
Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure No. 2179(a) mandates that "a personal action against a corporation or similar entity may be brought in and only in:
(1) The county where its registered office or principal place of business is located; or
(2) A county where it regularly conducts business [(note omitted); or]
(3) The county where the cause of action arose; or
(4) A county where a transaction or occurrence took place out of which the cause of action arose."
Appellee's allegations of fact did not establish venue as to appellant corporation under any of the four (4) foregoing provisions.
Holding that the issue is properly before us, our attention turns to Pa.R.C.P. 1006, wherein Section (a) mandates that actions against individuals "may be brought in and only in a county in which he may be served or in which the cause of action arose or where a transaction or occurrence took place out of which the cause of action arose or in any other county authorized by law" [Emphasis added]; Section (b) refers among other things to Rule 2179 for venue as to corporations; and Section (c) provides: "an action to enforce a joint or joint and several liability against two or more defendants . . . may be brought against all defendants in any county in which the venue may be laid against any one of the defendants under the general rules of Subdivisions (a) or (b)." The italicized part of Section (a) above, as well as Section (c), were added to Rule 1006 in 1967 to broaden venue provisions to include "cause of action" or "transaction or occurrence" counties, as well as to increase the scope of allowable venue in cases where there is a claim of joint or joint and several liability to include any county in which venue is properly laid as to one of the joint or joint and several parties under either the provisions of (a) or (b) of Rule 1006. "Where venue is proper as to one defendant and improper as to another, the supervisory power of the Supreme Court exercised under King's Bench permits the court to order all the actions to be tried in one county." Goodrich-Amram, Standard Pennsylvania Practice, "Commentary to 1967 Amendments" re: Rule 1006, p. 123. The salutary purpose of this broadened court rule is to prevent the unnecessary splitting of causes of action because venue might otherwise be unobtainable in the county of a co-defendant.
See quotation of Pa.R.C.P. 2179, supra.
The instant cause of action was commenced against the individual co-defendant in Lawrence County. While this individual is not an appellant, the record reflects no preliminary objections filed by him; he has posed no objection to venue and we must assume that as to him venue is proper. The appellee-plaintiff claims that the appellant and its co-defendant Clyde M. Bartley are jointly or jointly and severally liable. Venue being proper as to Mr. Bartley it is also proper as to his co-defendant, the appellant.
We hold that Lawrence County is a proper venue as to appellant.
Order affirmed.
HOFFMAN and PRICE, JJ., concur in the result.