Summary
In Riley v. City and County of Denver, 137 Colo. 312, 324 P.2d 790 (Sup. Ct. 1958), two prisoners attempted to bring a class action essentially for habeas corpus type relief for themselves and all others similarly situated because of void judgments of the municipal courts of Denver.
Summary of this case from In re Petition of Carlos SantiagoOpinion
No. 18,625.
Decided April 25, 1958.
Original Proceeding in the nature of mandamus seeking release of person confined in county jail for violation of city ordinances.
Complaint Dismissed.
1. MANDAMUS — Complaint — Nature of Relief Sought — Habeas Corpus. A complaint labeled "For relief in the nature of mandamus", filed as an original proceeding in the Supreme Court seeking release of persons allegedly illegally confined, is essentially a proceeding in habeas corpus rather than mandamus.
2. PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE — Rules — Class Action — Habeas Corpus. Although habeas corpus is a civil proceeding, the Rules of Civil Procedure Providing for class actions do not apply to actions seeking release of numerous persons allegedly illegally committed, a commitment to prison acting individually on each person committed, and a writ seeking his discharge must be individual, hence several persons may not join in one petition for a writ of habeas corpus.
3. APPEAL AND ERROR — Prerogative Writs — Not Used in Lieu of Writ of Error. It is elementary that prerogative writs cannot be used to usurp the province of a writ of error.
Original Proceeding.
Mr. FRANCIS R. SALAZAR, Mr. E. F. CONLEY, for plaintiffs.
By complaint filed as an original proceeding in this court, designated "For Relief in the Nature of Mandamus", the two named plaintiffs seek by a class action to secure the release of themselves "and all others similarly situated, who are being unlawfully detained and confined in [the County Jail of the City and County of Denver] by virtue of purported and void judgments of the Municipal Courts of the defendant municipal corporation".
The prayed-for relief stems from our decision in City of Canon City v. Merris, 137 Colo. 169, 323 P.2d 614 (March 17, 1958). It is said that the "imprisonment, detention, confinement, and restraint are illegal in that the Municipal Courts of said defendant corporation were without jurisdiction of the offenses with which plaintiffs were, charged and upon which purported trials were had in said courts": that they were not accorded trials in compliance with constitutional guarantees; and that the defendants fail and refuse to abide by, and follow the decision in the Merris case.
It appears from the complaint that the plaintiffs, and the class represented by them, have presented to the District Court in Denver the matters forming the basis of this claim, and that the District Court "has failed and refused to act except upon individual applications of members of the class represented by plaintiffs".
They "pray for themselves and all others in the class represented by the plaintiffs that this Honorable Court forthwith enter an order requiring the defendants herein to immediately release all persons, in this class, being illegally deprived of their liberty".
In content the complaint presents what is essentially a habeas corpus proceeding rather than mandamus. Absent only is a request for the issuance of a writ addressed to defendants, returnable on a certain date, and directing the production of the persons seeking release before the court. "The purpose of proceedings in habeas corpus is to determine whether or not the person instituting them is illegally restrained of his liberty * * *" In re Moyer, 35 Colo. 159, 85 Pac. 190, 12 L.R.A. N.S. 979, 117 Am. St. Rep. 189.
Although habeas corpus is a civil proceeding, Martin v. District Court, 37 Colo. 110, 86 Pac. 82, 119 Am St. Rep. 262, we hold that the Rules of Civil Procedure, providing for class actions, do not apply. The very nature of habeas corpus proceedings forfends class actions.
"The petition should have been dismissed on presentation. A commitment to prison acts individually on each person committed and a writ seeking his discharge on habeas corpus must likewise be individual. Seventeen persons cannot join in one petition for a writ of habeas corpus, any more than seventeen persons convicted of crime and sentenced to prison could take one appeal. The sentence of imprisonment acts upon each convict personally and separately and each must take a separate appeal. Durbin v, Com., 45 Pa. Super, 156; Com. v. Falls, 102 Pa Super. 392, 156 A. 894; Com. v. Schollenberger, 17 Pa. Super. 218." — Ferree, et al. v. Douglas, et al., 145 Pa Super. 447, 21 A.2d 472.
See In re Kosopud, et al., 272 Fed. 330 and United States ex rel. Bowe et al. v. Skeen, 107 F. Supp. 879.
It is alleged in the complaint that the same matters presented here were considered by the District Court, and by it resolved contrary in great part to the contentions of the plaintiffs and the class represented by them. Under such circumstances writ of error is the appropriate remedy for review. It is elementary that the prerogative writs, as they were termed before the adoption of the rules of civil procedure, can never be used to usurp the province of a writ of error. People v. District Court, 22 Colo. 280, 44 Pac. 506.
For these reason the complaint herein is ordered dismissed.