Opinion
October 17, 1941.
December 17, 1941.
Negligence — Automobiles — Right angle collision — Evidence — Joint or several liability of defendants — Charge of trial judge — Reference to notes of testimony — Right of way at intersection.
1. In an action of trespass for property damage to plaintiff's store window, as the result of a right-angle collision between automobiles operated by the defendants, it was the duty of the trial judge, under the evidence, to instruct the jury that at least one of the defendants was negligent and perhaps both were, and that plaintiff was entitled to a verdict against the person or persons who were negligent.
2. It was reversible error, after defendant's counsel had correctly referred in his address to the jury to certain relevant testimony, which may have been important in determining the question of negligence, for the trial judge to state that there was no evidence of the fact referred to and to instruct the jury to disregard the statement.
3. Where the one defendant made a request, supported by the testimony, that the trial judge charge respecting the right of way of a person who has entered an intersection first with the traffic light favorable and has committed himself to the crossing over one just approaching the intersection, it was reversible error for the trial judge, even though the other defendant's version was the opposite, merely to charge that when a motorist has committed himself to a crossing he is not thereby relieved of the responsibility of exercising due care.
Appeal, No. 261, Oct. T., 1941, from judgment of M.C. Phila. Co., July T., 1939, No. 619, in case of Sam Rigberg v. George S. Truskey et al.
Before KELLER, P.J., CUNNINGHAM, BALDRIGE, STADTFELD, RHODES and HIRT, JJ. Judgment reversed.
Trespass. Before TUMOLILLO, J.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Superior Court.
Verdict and judgment for plaintiff. Defendant appealed.
Errors assigned, among others, related to the action of the court below in refusing defendant's motions for judgment n.o.v. and for a new trial.
Harry Norman Ball, for appellant.
Oscar Rosenbaum, for appellee.
Argued October 17, 1941.
The plaintiff, Sam Rigberg, conducts a paint store at Germantown and Hunting Park Avenues, Philadelphia.
On June 13, 1939, as a result of a collision between two automobiles, one owned and driven by the defendant, George S. Truskey, and the other driven by the defendant, Gladys Sayres, the former's automobile smashed into the front window of plaintiff's store and caused him damage. He brought an action of trespass against them both, claiming that their concurrent negligence was the cause of his damage.
The jury rendered a verdict in his favor for $350 as against the defendant Sayres, and for the defendant as to Truskey. The court refused Miss Sayres' motions for judgment non obstante veredicto and for a new trial. She appealed from the judgment on the verdict.
The evidence was such that the jury might have found both defendants negligent. Plaintiff was entitled to a verdict at all events. He had been an innocent sufferer of harm. The only question to be determined on the trial was, whose negligence was responsible for the damage; if only one of the defendants was thus negligent the verdict should be against him, or her, alone; if both were negligent, the verdict should be against them both.
The court in one part of its charge overlooked the joint liability feature of the case, for it told the jury it must decide which of the two defendants "was the one guilty of negligence in order to allow the plaintiff to recover." Later, it laid emphasis on the fact that in order to recover, the plaintiff must have been free of negligence, and continued: "The only question that arises after you have determined the plaintiff is free of all negligence and an innocent sufferer is that you must first be convinced that either one or both of the defendants against whom you may find a verdict must be negligent." And at the close of the charge, the court said, "On the other hand, if you find that either or both of them [the defendants] are not guilty of negligence, then your verdict must be for the defendant." It is hard to conjecture just what the jury understood from this last sentence. The court should have instructed the jury that at least one of the defendants was negligent and perhaps both were; for a right-angle collision cannot occur as this one did, without negligence on the part of one, or perhaps both, of the participants. It should also have instructed the jury that the plaintiff was entitled to a verdict against the person or persons who were negligent.
The defendant, Sayres, had testified (p. 33a) that as a result of the collision her car went off to the left into a pole. When her counsel, in his address to the jury, referred to this testimony, counsel for Truskey objected and said there was no such evidence in the case. Miss Sayres' counsel contended there was, but that it was for the recollection of the jury. Instead of referring to the notes, the court said: "Disregard it, members of the jury, there is no evidence of any car striking a pole." The testimony may have been important as accounting for the condition of Miss Sayres' car. The instructions to the jury to disregard evidence that was properly in the case was error.
It was also Miss Sayres' contention that traveling north on Germantown Avenue she had entered the intersection with Hunting Park Avenue when the green light was with her, and before Truskey traveling west on Hunting Park Avenue, had arrived at the intersection and that she had the right of way. Truskey's version was the opposite. But the defendant Sayres was entitled to her requested instruction to the jury respecting the right of way of a person who had thus entered an intersection first and committed himself or herself to the crossing over one just approaching the intersection. The court's reply, "Members of the jury when a motorist has committed himself to a crossing or intersection it does not relieve him of the responsibility of exercising due care and diligence. There is no reason why a motorist already in the intersection should lessen his care and diligence; there still remains upon him the incumbency to exercise the same care and diligence that he would otherwise be required to exercise," did not adequately answer her request.
The seventh and eighth assignments of error are sustained. The judgment is reversed and a new trial is granted the plaintiff against both defendants. See Stone v. Phila., 302 Pa. 340, 348-9, 153 A. 550; Schwartz v. Jaffe, 324 Pa. 324, 330-31, 188 A. 295.