Summary
In Reszka v Collins (136 AD3d 1299 [4th Dept 2016]), the Fourth Department ruled that a defendant's counterclaim that the plaintiff held a press conference at which she made defamatory statements about the defendant stated a viable cause of action (See also Halcyon Jets, Inc. v Jet One Group, Inc., 69 AD3d 534, 534-35 [1st Dept 2010] [denying motion to dismiss defamation claim under CPLR 3211 (a) (7)]).
Summary of this case from Volpe v. PaniccioliOpinion
38 CA 15-00414.
02-05-2016
Elizabeth RESZKA, Plaintiff–Appellant, v. Councilman Joseph A. COLLINS, Defendant–Respondent.
Hogan Willig, PLLC, Amherst (Steven M. Cohen of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Appellant. Joseph A. Collins, Defendant–Respondent pro se.
Hogan Willig, PLLC, Amherst (Steven M. Cohen of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Appellant.
Joseph A. Collins, Defendant–Respondent pro se.
Opinion
MEMORANDUM:
Plaintiff commenced this action seeking to remove defendant from his position as a council member of the Town Board of the Town of Hamburg. Defendant answered the complaint and asserted as an affirmative defense that Supreme Court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over plaintiff's action. Plaintiff thereafter filed an original proceeding pursuant to Public Officers Law § 36 before this Court, correctly recognizing the validity of defendant's affirmative defense, and we dismissed the petition (Matter of Reszka v. Collins, 109 A.D.3d 1134, 971 N.Y.S.2d 762). While that proceeding was pending in this Court, defendant filed an amended answer in this action and asserted two counterclaims. After we dismissed the petition in the original proceeding, plaintiff moved pursuant to CPLR 3211(a) (2), (6), and (7) to dismiss the two counterclaims in this action, and the court denied the motion. We agree with plaintiff that the court erred in denying that part of her motion seeking to dismiss the second counterclaim, and we therefore modify the order accordingly.
Initially, we reject plaintiff's contention that the court should have dismissed the counterclaims because it lacked subject matter jurisdiction over plaintiff's action (see generally CPLR 3211[a]2 ). The court's lack of jurisdiction over plaintiff's action is not fatal to the counterclaims, which may be severed where a complaint is dismissed or, as here, effectively dismissed (see CPLR 3019[d]; Evolution Trading Mgt. LLC v. Bank of N.Y. Mellon Corp., 88 A.D.3d 605, 605, 931 N.Y.S.2d 305; Ballen v. Aero Mayflower Tr. Co., 144 A.D.2d 407, 410, 533 N.Y.S.2d 1007). Contrary to plaintiff's contention, dismissal of the counterclaims is not required even where, as here, a complaint was or should be dismissed on procedural grounds rather than on the merits (see Levess v. Levess, 28 A.D.2d 513, 513, 282 N.Y.S.2d 166, affd. 21 N.Y.2d 758, 288 N.Y.S.2d 233, 235 N.E.2d 219; Becker v. University Physicians of Brooklyn, 307 A.D.2d 243, 244–245, 762 N.Y.S.2d 277).
We reject plaintiff's further contention that the first counterclaim, alleging defamation, should be dismissed on the ground that it fails to state a cause of action (see CPLR 3211[a]7 ). “On a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction” (Leon v. Martinez, 84 N.Y.2d 83, 87, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511). “We accept the facts as alleged [in the answer] as true, accord [defendant] the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory” (id. at 87–88, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511).
Defendant alleged in his first counterclaim that plaintiff held a press conference regarding the lawsuit, and he further alleged that plaintiff “made slanderous and defamatory and libelous statements intentionally, willfully and maliciously” attacking him in his individual and professional capacity. Statements made in the course of judicial proceedings are protected by absolute privilege provided that they are material and pertinent to the issue to be resolved in the proceeding (see Civil Rights Law § 74; Rosenberg v. MetLife, Inc., 8 N.Y.3d 359, 365, 834 N.Y.S.2d 494, 866 N.E.2d 439; Matter of Hoge [Select Fabricators, Inc.], 96 A.D.3d 1398, 1399, 946 N.Y.S.2d 350; Sinrod v. Stone, 20 A.D.3d 560, 561, 799 N.Y.S.2d 273; Mosesson v. Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Firm, 257 A.D.2d 381, 382, 683 N.Y.S.2d 88, lv. denied 93 N.Y.2d 808, 691 N.Y.S.2d 382, 713 N.E.2d 417). A party cannot, however, maliciously commence a judicial proceeding alleging false and defamatory charges and then circulate a press release based on the same charges and escape liability by invoking Civil Rights Law § 74 (see Williams v. Williams, 23 N.Y.2d 592, 599, 298 N.Y.S.2d 473, 246 N.E.2d 333). The first counterclaim here adequately states that plaintiff's action was without any basis in fact and was commenced solely to defame defendant. Under those circumstances, we conclude that the court properly refused to dismiss the first counterclaim (see Williams, 23 N.Y.2d at 596, 298 N.Y.S.2d 473, 246 N.E.2d 333; Halcyon Jets, Inc. v. Jet One Group, Inc., 69 A.D.3d 534, 534–535, 894 N.Y.S.2d 392; cf. Emergency Enclosures, Inc. v. National Fire Adj. Co., Inc., 68 A.D.3d 1658, 1662–1663, 893 N.Y.S.2d 414). Contrary to plaintiff's further contention, the first counterclaim also adequately states that plaintiff acted with actual malice, which is a required element for a defamation claim brought by a public official (see Silsdorf v. Levine, 59 N.Y.2d 8, 17, 462 N.Y.S.2d 822, 449 N.E.2d 716, cert. denied 464 U.S. 831, 104 S.Ct. 109, 78 L.Ed.2d 111; see generally Freeman v. Johnston, 84 N.Y.2d 52, 56, 614 N.Y.S.2d 377, 637 N.E.2d 268, cert. denied 513 U.S. 1016, 115 S.Ct. 576, 130 L.Ed.2d 492).
We agree with plaintiff, however, that the court erred in denying the motion with respect to the second counterclaim, alleging malicious prosecution. Where, as here, the underlying action is civil in nature, the party alleging a claim for malicious prosecution must allege a special injury (see Engel v. CBS, Inc., 93 N.Y.2d 195, 201–204, 689 N.Y.S.2d 411, 711 N.E.2d 626; Shatkin v. Drescher, 24 A.D.3d 1292, 1292–1293, 805 N.Y.S.2d 901; Molinoff v. Sassower, 99 A.D.2d 528, 529, 471 N.Y.S.2d 312). In the instant case, defendant “fail[ed] to plead that the civil proceeding involved wrongful interference with [his] person or property” (Wiener v. Wiener, 84 A.D.2d 814, 815, 444 N.Y.S.2d 130; see Belsky v. Lowenthal, 47 N.Y.2d 820, 821, 418 N.Y.S.2d 573, 392 N.E.2d 560; Galanova v. Safir, 127 A.D.3d 686, 687, 4 N.Y.S.3d 538; Molinoff, 99 A.D.2d at 529, 471 N.Y.S.2d 312). Instead, defendant alleged damages amounting to “the physical, psychological or financial demands of defending a lawsuit,” which is insufficient to constitute a special injury for a claim of malicious prosecution (Engel, 93 N.Y.2d at 205, 689 N.Y.S.2d 411, 711 N.E.2d 626; see Dermigny v. Siebert, 79 A.D.3d 460, 460, 911 N.Y.S.2d 619).
To the extent that defendant contends that the second counterclaim is for abuse of process and not malicious prosecution, we conclude that it must still be dismissed as well. “Insofar as the only process issued [here] was a summons, the process necessary to obtain jurisdiction and begin the lawsuit, there was no unlawful interference with [defendant's] person or property because the institution of a civil action by summons and complaint is not legally considered process capable of being abused” (Curiano v. Suozzi, 63 N.Y.2d 113, 116, 480 N.Y.S.2d 466, 469 N.E.2d 1324; see Muro–Light v. Farley, 95 A.D.3d 846, 847, 944 N.Y.S.2d 571). Defendant alleges that plaintiff acted maliciously in bringing the action, but “[a] malicious motive alone ... does not give rise to a cause of action for abuse of process” (Curiano, 63 N.Y.2d at 117, 480 N.Y.S.2d 466, 469 N.E.2d 1324; see Muro–Light, 95 A.D.3d at 847, 944 N.Y.S.2d 571).
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously modified on the law by granting the motion in part and dismissing the second counterclaim, and as modified the order is affirmed without costs.