Summary
In Qian, any effort would have been futile because, "[d]espite having been made aware of the ways in which [the] defendant viewed the proffered summary of [the] testimony [in question] as incomplete, [the] plaintiff still made no attempt to redress [those] defects prior to trial" (256 AD2d at 782).
Summary of this case from Yargeau v. LasertronOpinion
December 10, 1998
Appeal from the Supreme Court (Teresi, J.).
In this negligence action, plaintiff seeks to recover from his landlord for losses incurred when a fire consumed his attic apartment, damaging or destroying his personal property, allegedly including valuable Chinese art. About a week before the trial was scheduled to begin, plaintiff was informed that defendant intended to seek preclusion of certain expert testimony regarding the valuation of the artwork, because plaintiff had failed to adequately disclose the substance of that testimony in response to defendant's demand, as required by CPLR 3101 (d) (1) (i). Thereafter, on the day of trial, defendant moved orally to preclude this testimony. Although the motion, as initially framed, related only to the sufficiency of plaintiff's disclosure vis-à-vis the art appraiser, defendant ultimately broadened her request to encompass other expert testimony, including that bearing on the cause and origin of the fire. Defendant's motion, as well as a subsequent application to dismiss plaintiff's complaint, were granted and this appeal followed.
Supreme Court did not err in precluding plaintiff from eliciting expert testimony regarding the value of the art objects that perished in the fire, for plaintiff's disclosure as to the substance of his appraisers' anticipated testimony did not, as Supreme Court observed, satisfy the statutory criteria ( see, e.g., Chapman v. State of New York, 189 A.D.2d 1075; Brossoit v. O'Brien, 169 A.D.2d 1019, 1020-1021). Despite having been made aware of the ways in which defendant viewed the proffered summary of this testimony as incomplete, plaintiff still made no attempt to redress these defects prior to trial. In light of this, it would clearly have been futile (although plaintiff would have us conclude otherwise) for defendant to undertake further "good faith efforts" ( see, 22 NYCRR 202.7 [a]; Koelbl v. Harvey, 176 A.D.2d 1040) toward resolving this dispute prior to seeking judicial intervention ( see, Gardner v. Kawasaki Heavy Indus., 213 A.D.2d 840, 841-842). Moreover, plaintiff's failure to make any effort to augment his responses, even after having been apprised of defendant's challenge to the level of detail provided, constitutes ample basis for concluding that plaintiff's lack of compliance was "intentional or willful" ( see, Tleige v. Troy Pediatrics, 237 A.D.2d 772, 774; Fuoco v. County of Nassau, 223 A.D.2d 668, 669).
As for the other experts, however, the record reveals that plaintiff received no notice, prior to defendant's in-court motion, that his responses were considered to be inadequate in any respect. Defendant's memorandum of law (which was apparently the only document submitted in connection with the motion) does not mention these other experts, and there is no indication that plaintiff was informed that the sufficiency of his responses, outlining their qualifications and expected testimony, would be questioned. Given the critical nature of that testimony — which goes to the very theory of liability upon which his case is predicated — and the draconian impact of its preclusion (i.e., dismissal of the case), imposing so drastic a remedy without first affording plaintiff an opportunity to supplement his disclosure to comply with the statutory mandates was inexpedient ( see, Herd v. Town of Pawling, 244 A.D.2d 317; Chapman v. State of New York, 227 A.D.2d 867, 868; compare, Kaprelian v. Kaprelian, 236 A.D.2d 369, 370-371).
Because Supreme Court's dismissal of plaintiff's complaint was premised upon his inability to prove causation, and we have concluded that plaintiff should be afforded an opportunity to cure the deficiencies in his disclosure with respect to those experts, the complaint shall be reinstated, without prejudice to a further motion for preclusion should plaintiff fail to furnish defendant with appropriately detailed statements, pursuant to CPLR 3101 (d) (1) (i), within 20 days of the date of this Court's decision.
With this exception, however, it should be noted that plaintiff is not to be permitted to further augment his disclosure by, e.g., adding to the list of individuals from whom he intends to elicit expert testimony.
Mikoll, J.P., Crew III, Spain and Graffeo, JJ., concur.
Ordered that the order is modified, on the law and the facts, without costs, by reversing so much thereof as precluded plaintiff from introducing any expert testimony by Daniel Stauffer or John Hilson, and dismissed the complaint; defendant's motions are denied, insofar as they sought preclusion of those experts' testimony and dismissal of the complaint, without prejudice to renewal should plaintiff fail to meet the requirements of CPLR 3101 (d) (1) (i), with respect to his proposed experts Stauffer and Hilson, within 20 days of the date of this Court's decision, and plaintiff is hereby precluded from eliciting expert testimony from any other person(s) not previously disclosed; and, as so modified, affirmed.