Summary
In Prehn v. C. Niss Sons, Inc. (1939), 233 Wis. 155, 288 N.W. 736, the plaintiff stumbled over a platform eight inches high located on the floor of defendant's store in full view and used as a lecture platform.
Summary of this case from Bradstrom v. Lasker JewelersOpinion
November 9, 1939 —
December 5, 1939.
APPEAL from a judgment of the circuit court for Milwaukee county: GUSTAVE G. GEHRZ, Circuit Judge. Affirmed.
The cause was submitted for the appellants on the brief of Mayer, Vandercook, Wilde Rice, attorneys, and Walter F. Mayer of counsel, all of Milwaukee, and for the respondent on that of Lines, Spooner Quarles, attorneys, and Chas. B. Quarles and L. S. Clemons of counsel, all of Milwaukee.
Action begun May 21, 1937, by Sophia Prehn and her husband, William Prehn, in the civil court of Milwaukee county for injuries received by Sophia Prehn while a frequenter in defendant's retail furniture store. The action was dismissed in the civil court and the judgment of that court was affirmed in the circuit court. From that judgment plaintiffs appeal.
Plaintiffs seek to recover for medical expenses, damages, and loss of service of the husband arising out of injury sustained by Sophia Prehn. The complaint is under the safe-place statute, sec. 101.06, Stats. The case was submitted to the jury in the civil court where a verdict was returned assessing the damages of Sophia Prehn at $1,200 and of William Prehn at $600, and fixing the contributory negligence of Sophia Prehn at fifteen per cent. Sophia Prehn had attended a lecture given on the third floor of the defendant's store March 15, 1937. The injury sustained by her resulted from falling when her foot came in contact with the lecture platform. The platform was approximately four and one-half feet square and rose some eight inches above the floor. On the platform were a desk and a microphone for use in delivering the lectures. It appears that the plaintiff, Sophia, during the lecture, which covered an hour's time, was seated not more than ten feet from the platform. The platform is set apart from the other furniture or articles displayed, none of which were placed nearer to the platform than four feet. It stood plainly visible in a well-lighted room, and the evidence shows the area around the platform to be free of objects.
There is a dispute as to how serious the injuries were. Medical testimony does not indicate permanent injuries. The plaintiffs base their appeal on the rulings of the court, and assign as error the changing of the jury's answer to a certain question; the dismissing of the complaint; and holding as a matter of law that the defendant did not violate the safe-place statute; and judgment that the defendant was not liable as an employer.
We agree with the courts below that a cause of action was not established. The judgment must be affirmed. It has not been shown that the defendant failed in the performance of any duty resting upon him as owner of a building or as an employer in furnishing a place as safe "as the nature of the employment, place of employment, or public building, will reasonably permit." Sec. 101.01(11), 101.06, Stats. There is no defect in the structure of the building alleged or proved; and when the inquiry is turned in search of defects in safety devices or position of furniture or fixtures, we find a carefully constructed platform substantially marked and set apart for its particular use. When an employer erects a suitable instrument necessary for the conduct of his business in open view to all so that anyone exercising ordinary care will know of its presence, he is acting within his rights. Erbe v. Maes, 226 Wis. 484, 277 N.W. 111; Heckel v. Standard Gateway Theater, 229 Wis. 80, 281 N.W. 640. There is no room under the evidence in this case for a claim that a trap existed; and as to the general condition and knowledge thereof on the part of the plaintiff Sophia Prehn, there is no countervailing evidence to that which indicates she must have been aware of the presence of the platform.
The question revolves about the measure of duty owed a business invitee when the host is both employer in and owner a building. In previous cases, Erbe v. Maes, supra, and Holcomb v. Szymczyk, 186 Wis. 99, 202 N.W. 188, this court has stated without deciding the question of whether one who is owner of a building and also is maintaining it as a place of employment is liable only for structural defects as owner or sustains the larger liability of an employer. The case at bar squarely presents this question and, having given it full consideration, we hold that a person in the situation above outlined sustains not merely the liability of an owner under the safe-place statute but also the larger liability of one conducting a place of employment. Hence, if there is a failure to comply with the requirements of the safe-place statute, the mere fact that the injury is caused by a defect other than a structural defect would not of itself be sufficient to excuse from liability one who is both employer and owner.
The statute as it is drawn may amount to something of a merger of capacities, but however this may be, the responsibility arises out of the relation which the defendant bears to the employee or frequenter.
In this case some confusion seems to have existed because of the lack of definiteness in the pleadings as to defendant's liability under the statute, but because of the conclusion reached it is not considered necessary to subject the pleadings to any extended analysis.
By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.