Summary
In Pope v. Carter, 210 Ala. 533 [ 98 So. 726, 727], the court said "Proceeds of policies so carried by the husband, payable to his estate, and transferred to his wife by a change of the beneficiary named in the policies made after the husband has become insolvent, without valuable consideration, are subject to the claims of the husband's creditors existing at the time of such transfer.
Summary of this case from Prudential Insurance v. BeckOpinion
6 Div. 968.
January 17, 1924.
Appeal from Circuit Court, Jefferson County; William M. Walker, Judge.
W. H. Woolverton and Thomas J. Wingfield, both of Birmingham, for appellants.
The bill does not show the proceeds of the policies were subject to the payment of debts by alleging that the premiums were in excess of $750. Code 1907, § 4502; Kimball v. Cunningham Hdw. Co., 192 Ala. 223, 68 So. 309.
Benj. Carter, of Washington, D.C., for appellees.
A life insurance policy, or its proceeds, is subject to the rules of law invalidating assignments to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors. Friedman v. Fennell, 94 Ala. 570, 10 So. 649; Fearn v. Ward, 80 Ala. 555, 2 So. 114; Mut. L. I. Co. v. Lovejoy, 203 Ala. 452, 83 So. 591. It is of no consequence that the exemption would have extended to a named beneficiary. Thompkins v. Levy, 87 Ala. 263, 6 So. 346, 13 Am. St. Rep. 31.
Life insurance, taken out, and premiums paid by the insured, and payable to his estate, is property subject to the payment of his debts. A voluntary conveyance or transfer of such policies of insurance is constructively fraudulent and void, as against the existing creditors of the insured.
Proceeds of policies so carried by the husband, payable to his estate, and transferred to his wife by a change of the beneficiary named in the policies made after the husband has become insolvent, without valuable consideration, are subject to the claims of the husband's creditors existing at the time of such transfer. Such transaction is subject to all the rules governing fraudulent conveyances. The wife, in such case, cannot hold the funds as exempt under section 4502 of the Code of 1907.
A creditors' bill in equity is the proper remedy to reach and subject such funds to the payment of the husband's debts. The personal representative of the insolvent estate of the deceased husband is a proper party to such bill, and also trustees who hold the funds for investment for the use of the wife. Friedman Bros. v. Fennell, 94 Ala. 570, 10 So. 649; Fearn v. Ward, 80 Ala. 555, 2 So. 114; Tompkins v. Levy, 87 Ala. 263, 6 So. 346, 13 Am. St. Rep. 31; Hall Farley v. Ala. Ter. Imp. Co., 143 Ala. 464, 39 So. 285, 2 L.R.A. (N.S.) 130, 5 Ann. Cas. 363; Lehman v. Gunn, 124 Ala. 213, 27 So. 475, 51 L.R.A. 112, 82 Am. St. Rep. 159; McCrory v. Donald, 192 Ala. 312, 68 So. 306; Beall Coston v. Lehman Durr Co., 110 Ala. 446, 18 So. 230; Martin v. McDaniel, 170 Ala. 270, 53 So. 790.
In Kimball v. Cunningham Hdwe. Co., 192 Ala. 223, 68 So. 309, Id., 197 Ala. 631, 73 So. 323, the policies were, in the first instance, made payable to the wife as required by the exemption statute. The gross premiums paid by the husband exceeded the amount allowable under section 4502 of the Code. It was held that only the excess was subject to the husband's debts. That case was wholly different from this, wherein the insurance was the property of the husband subject to his debts, and the effect of the transaction, if sustained, would be to withdraw the fund from creditors, and give it to the wife. The exemption statute cannot be extended to such case.
The decree of the court below was in harmony with this opinion, and is affirmed.
Affirmed.
ANDERSON, C. J., and SOMERVILLE and THOMAS, JJ., concur.