Opinion
34421.
DECIDED JANUARY 28, 1953.
Damages; from Savannah City Court — Judge Heery. October 7, 1952.
Myrick Myrick, for plaintiff in error.
Bouhan, Lawrence, Williams Levy, contra.
1. For a slip of the tongue to be harmless error, the true meaning must be so palpable as to be clearly understood by the jury; but where a technical rule of law is so changed by a verbal inaccuracy that the converse of its true meaning is stated, such error cannot be held to be harmless on the theory that a jury would be expected to understand what was intended thereby.
2. "A charge containing two distinct propositions conflicting the one with the other is calculated to leave the jury in such a confused condition of mind that they cannot render an intelligible verdict, and requires the grant of a new trial." Tietjen v. Meldrin, 169 Ga. 678 ( 151 S.E. 349).
DECIDED JANUARY 28, 1953.
William A. Plaspohl filed suit against Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company, in the City Court of Savannah, for damages under the Federal Employer's Liability Act for injuries sustained by him while in the employment of the defendant company. The evidence showed without dispute: that the plaintiff was acting as switchman on the night of March 5, 1951, and was standing on the platform of a tank car which, with two other cars, was being backed onto a side track; that upon a signal from a second employee the engineer slowed or stopped the train so that a third employee could mount the tank car on the other side; and that the plaintiff either fell or was thrown from the tank car under its wheels, sustaining serious injuries. The evidence was in conflict as to whether or not this fall was the result of negligence on the part of the defendant's employees in stopping or checking the speed of the cars too suddenly.
The jury returned a verdict in favor of the defendant. The plaintiff filed a motion for a new trial on the general grounds, which was subsequently amended by adding six special grounds, and the overruling of this motion is assigned as error.
1 "A palpable slip of the tongue on the part of the judge in instructing the jury as to an abstract proposition of law is not sufficient cause for reversing the judgment, where upon consideration of it in connection with the context and all the rest of the charge, it is plain that the jury could not have been misled." Brooks v. Carver, 55 Ga. App. 362, 363 ( 190 S.E. 389). Applying this rule to the first special assignment of error, it is obvious that the judge's inadvertence in using the word "employee" where he meant "employer" was a palpable mistake which could not have caused the jury to think that they must predicate a recovery upon negligence by the employee.
However, the second assignment of error complains of a slip of the tongue of a different sort, as follows: "The carrier is not to be charged with those injuries which result from unusual risks incident to the employment on the railroad, risks which cannot be eliminated through the carrier's exercise of reasonable care." This attempt to charge the assumption of risk doctrine reverses its meaning, since the rule is that "an employee assumes the ordinary risks and hazards of his occupation, and also those defects and risks which are known to him, or which are plainly observable, although due to the master's negligence." Charleston W. C. Ry. Co. v. Sylvester, 17 Ga. App. 85 ( 86 S.E. 275); Southern Ry. Co. v. Blanton, 56 Ga. App. 232, 239 ( 192 S.E. 437). On the other hand he does not assume extraordinary hazards and risks unless he has notice thereof, unless the danger arising therefrom is so obvious that an ordinarily careful person, under the circumstances, would observe and appreciate them. Southern Ry. Co. v. Wessinger, 32 Ga. App. 551, 561 ( 124 S.E. 100). A jury would not be expected to be familiar with a rule of law so technical in its nature, and it cannot be presumed that this error would be obvious to it. The plaintiff contended throughout the trial that his injury resulted from an unusual occurrence, a movement of the train not ordinarily to be expected, but which the jury, under the defendant's evidence, might have believed the carrier could not have prevented by the exercise of reasonable care, since witnesses testified that there was always some slack to be taken up in a stopping movement, the amount of jerk depending on the amount of slack between the cars. No effort was made to clarify or correct the charge on the assumption of risk doctrine elsewhere in the charge. The portion of the charge complained of was erroneous, and injury must be inferred. Nixon v. State, 14 Ga. App. 261 ( 80 S.E. 513); Moyers v. State, 58 Ga. App. 237 ( 198 S.E. 283).
2. The fourth assignment of error is directed to the following portion of the charge: "If you find that the plaintiff and the employees of the company were both at fault and the plaintiff may in some way have contributed to the injury, and the plaintiff could not have avoided the consequences to himself caused by the defendant's negligence, if it was negligent, if the plaintiff had exercised ordinary care, the plaintiff may recover. But the damages should be diminished by the jury in proportion to the amount of the default attributable to the plaintiff." The court elsewhere charged that contributory negligence would not bar a recovery, but would decrease the damages, and further charged that ordinary negligence is the absence of ordinary care and diligence. "Failure to exercise ordinary care, which is but another name for contributory negligence, is not a defense to an action under the Federal Employers Liability Act." Patznsky v. Lowden, 317 Ill. App. 613 ( 47 N.E.2d, 338). The trial judge in effect gave the jury two conflicting rules of law — one, that the plaintiff would not be barred by contributory negligence, and the other that, although guilty of contributory negligence, he must have exercised ordinary care before he would be entitled to the diminished verdict. He also instructed the jury that ordinary negligence is the absence of ordinary care and diligence and referred to contributory negligence as a "fault" or "default" on the part of the plaintiff, all of which, taken together, must certainly have confused the jury as to the extent to which the plaintiff could have participated in the causative factors leading to his injury and still be entitled to a recovery. It was held in Tietjen v. Meldrim, 169 Ga. 678 ( 151 S.E. 349) as follows: "A charge containing two distinct propositions conflicting the one with the other is calculated to leave the jury in such a confused condition of mind that they cannot render an intelligible verdict, and requires the grant of a new trial." See also Savannah Electric Co. v. McClelland, 128 Ga. 87 ( 57 S.E. 91); Atlantic Coast Line R. Co. v. Andrews, 20 Ga. App. 605 ( 93 S.E. 261); Western Atlantic R. Co. v. Clark, 117 Ga. 548 ( 44 S.E. 1).
3. The remaining assignments of error are either without merit or are not likely to recur on another trial of the case.
The trial court erred in overruling the motion for a new trial as amended.
Judgment reversed. Gardner, P. J., and Carlisle, J., concur.