Summary
In People v Taylor, 386 Mich. 204, 208; 191 N.W.2d 310 (1971), the Supreme Court indicated that a trial court is allowed a great deal of discretion in connection with limitations placed on cross-examination and refused to allow review unless the record shows a clear abuse of such discretion.
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No. 38 June Term 1971, Docket No. 52,617.
Decided November 9, 1971.
Appeal from Court of Appeals, Division 2, McGregor, P.J., and R.B. Burns and Danhof, JJ., reversing and remanding Oakland, Arthur E. Moore, J. Submitted September 15, 1971. (No. 38 June Term 1971, Docket No. 52,617.) Decided November 9, 1971.
18 Mich. App. 381 affirmed.
Marshall Taylor was convicted of three counts of perjury. Defendant appealed to the Court of Appeals. Reversed as to counts one and two, affirmed as to third count and remanded for reconsideration of sentence. Defendant appeals. Affirmed.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, Thomas G. Plunkett, Prosecuting Attorney, and Dennis Donohue, Chief Appellate Counsel, for the people.
Seymour Berger, for defendant.
The major issue presented by this case is whether due to the erroneous submission of two counts of perjury to the jury, we should reverse defendant-appellant's conviction on a third count of perjury, and grant him a new trial as to that count.
Defendant was indicted on three counts of perjury on March 24, 1966, by the Honorable Philip Pratt, sitting as a one man grand jury for Oakland County. At the start of a preliminary hearing held on October 5th and October 26, 1966, before Municipal Judge Hunter for the City of Clawson, the transcript of defendant's testimony before the grand jury was admitted into evidence. Defendant's own retained counsel was present at the preliminary hearing and raised no objection to the introduction of the transcript. Defendant was subsequently bound over for trial on all three counts of perjury to the Oakland County Circuit Court. The defendant was convicted by a jury of all three counts of perjury.
The Court of Appeals reversed the convictions for the first and second counts of perjury on the grounds that there was no evidence upon which to submit them to the jury. The conviction on the third count of perjury was, however, affirmed by the Court of Appeals. The Court then remanded for resentencing in light of its opinion. Defendant's application for leave to appeal to this Court was granted.
We agree with the Court of Appeals that there is no evidence in the record to support the convictions on the first two counts of perjury, and thus those two convictions are reversed.
We agree with the Court of Appeals' affirmation of defendant's conviction on the third count of perjury. Defendant is not entitled to a retrial on the third count of perjury simply because the first and second counts were wrongfully submitted to the jury. The cases cited by the defendant on this issue are not on point as they concern situations involving lesser included offenses. In the instant case the charge on each of the three counts was identical, and defendant was convicted on each count. Since the counts were all for the same crime, and since the defendant was convicted on each count, there is no danger here that the jury reached a compromised verdict. Therefore a new trial on the third count of perjury is not necessary.
The United States Supreme Court case of Nilva v. United States (1957), 352 U.S. 385 ( 77 S Ct 431, 1 L Ed 2d 415) is precedential as to this case. In Nilva, the defendant was convicted on three specifications of criminal contempt. On appeal, the Government abandoned two of the three specifications. The conviction on the third specification, however, was affirmed. Since a general sentence had been imposed on all three specifications, the case was remanded for a resentencing.
Had the defendant been sentenced separately on each count, such action could have obviated the necessity for remand. Since the sentence in the instant case was also a general one, the Court of Appeals was correct in remanding this case for a resentencing.
Defendant makes several other contentions of error in his brief which can be disposed of with dispatch. First, he alleges that the examining magistrate erred by admitting at the preliminary hearing the transcript of the defendant's testimony before the grand jury. The record of the preliminary hearing clearly indicates that the defendant's own retained counsel failed to raise a timely objection to the introduction of the transcript. This Court will not consider issues not raised in the court below. Lake Erie Land Co. v. Chilinski (1917), 197 Mich. 214, 226.
Defendant contends that by subsequent qualification his negative answer to the question which was the basis for the third count of perjury became an affirmative, and thus nonperjurious, answer. We cannot accept this argument. Even with his qualification, the defendant in effect denied that he had any personal knowledge of any bribes to township officials.
As opposed to this denial, one witness testified that he, a township official, had been bribed by the defendant. This testimony, apparently believed by the jury, is sufficient to sustain the conviction on the third count of perjury.
Defendant's final allegation of error is that defense counsel's cross-examination of a Mr. Thomas Bowles, Sr., was unduly restricted. This Court has stated on numerous occasions that a trial judge has a great deal of discretion in limiting cross-examination. Such discretion is not subject to review unless a clear abuse of it is shown. Gilchrist v. Gilchrist (1952), 333 Mich. 275, 282; Scholnick v. Bloomfield Hills (1957), 350 Mich. 187, 195. No such clear abuse of discretion has been demonstrated in this case.
The decision of the Court of Appeals is affirmed.
T.M. KAVANAGH, C.J., and BLACK, ADAMS, T.E. BRENNAN, and SWAINSON, JJ., concurred with WILLIAMS, J.
The Court of Appeals held that there was no evidence in the record to support the defendant's conviction on the first two counts of perjury and reversed on these two counts. This was entirely proper.
The Court then held that there was sufficient evidence to support a conviction on the third count and remanded for resentencing in light of the reversal on the first two counts.
While I agree that the record contains sufficient evidence to convict on the third count, I do not think resentencing will suffice.
It is well established that conviction of a lesser included offense cannot stand when no evidence of the higher included offenses is adduced at the trial. People v. Hansen (1962), 368 Mich. 344; People v. Marshall (1962), 366 Mich. 498; People v. Stahl, (1926) 234 Mich. 569.
A reading of those cases discloses the rationale of this Court that the possibility of compromise among the jurors is what taints the conviction where consideration of one of the factors asserted is unwarranted. Confer, United States v. Wilkins (CA 2, 1965), 348 F.2d 844.
The same reasoning seems pertinent here for the same evil is present. A multi-count charge of various crimes, with evidence adduced of only one, hardly comports with the notion of a fair trial. We can never know with certainty what determines a jury's verdict.
While we cannot seek to accord a defendant a perfect trial, since "* * * our system of law has always endeavored to prevent even the probability of unfairness" ( In re Murchison 349 U.S. 133, 136 [ 75 S Ct 623, 99 L Ed 942]), I feel the defendant here should be accorded the benefit of this reasonable doubt.
Five members of the Supreme Court of the United States in Nilva v. United States (1957), 352 U.S. 385 ( 77 S Ct 431, 1 L Ed 2d 415) sanctioned the procedure here adopted by the Court of Appeals. That case involved a charge of contempt of court, however, and since contempt cases are sui generis, it should not serve to determine the issue in this case.
I would remand for a new trial.