Summary
In People v Taylor, 99 Mich. App. 613; 299 N.W.2d 9 (1980), I joined in stating that the Fountain rule should be retroactively applied only where a defendant has not received notice that a supplemental information would be filed and that lack of notice works to the prejudice of the defendant.
Summary of this case from People v. WilsonOpinion
Docket No. 45812.
Decided August 27, 1980.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, William F. Delhey, Prosecuting Attorney, and Robert L. Cooper, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Kendall B. Williams, for defendant on appeal.
Defendant appeals from a plea-based conviction for violation of the second felony offender provision of MCL 769.10; MSA 28.1082.
The record reveals that on March 16, 1979, the defendant entered a plea of guilty to the charge of larceny over $100, MCL 750.356; MSA 28.588. The prosecutor and defense counsel, as well as defendant, all stipulated that, as part of the plea bargain, the prosecutor would file a supplemental information charging defendant as a second offender. Thereafter, defendant's plea to the larceny charge was accepted. On March 22, 1979, the prosecutor filed the supplemental information, to which defendant pled guilty. He was sentenced to 3-1/2 to 7-1/2 years. The sentence for the underlying larceny conviction was set aside.
Defendant's sole contention is that People v Fountain, 407 Mich. 96; 282 N.W.2d 168 (1979), should be applied retroactively. That case, which was decided on August 28, 1979, held that to avoid the appearance of impropriety the supplemental information should be filed with the information charging the underlying felony.
The Supreme Court has made it clear that it has not yet ruled on the question of Fountain's retroactivity. People v Devine, 407 Mich. 904 (1979). In order to determine this issue, it is necessary to approach the problem by balancing three factors: (1) the purpose of the new rule, (2) the general reliance on the old rule, and (3) the effect on the administration of justice. People v Kamin, 405 Mich. 482; 275 N.W.2d 777 (1979).
The new rule's purpose is best portrayed by an excerpt from Fountain, supra, 99:
"The habitual offender charges should have been filed with the information which charged the last felony to provide fair notice and avoid an appearance of prosecutorial impropriety."
It thus appears that a majority of the Court has now adopted the rationale of Justice LEVIN in his dissenting opinion in People v Hendrick, 398 Mich. 410, 423; 247 N.W.2d 840 (1976):
"While the habitual offender provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure do not create a separate offense, providing rather for enhanced punishment for the current offense, fairness requires notice to the offender that he may face enhanced punishment where the prosecutor is aware, in advance of the trial on the current offense, of the offender's prior record."
It would, therefore, seem that the primary purpose of the rule is to provide notice and lessen the appearance of prosecutorial impropriety through lack of notice of an intent to file a supplemental information.
The second and third factors can be considered together, since the extent of reliance on the old rule often determines the effect upon the administration of justice. People v Hampton, 384 Mich. 669; 187 N.W.2d 404 (1971).
Prior to Fountain, it was not error for the prosecutor to file a supplemental information subsequent to a conviction on the underlying offense, unless the delay substantially prejudiced the defendant. People v Marshall, 41 Mich. App. 66; 199 N.W.2d 521 (1972). The timing of the filing of supplemental charges depended upon the particular circumstances of each case.
Where the accused's rights were not prejudiced, the habitual offender charges were generally not filed until after the conviction on the substantive offense. Since the prior rule was heavily relied on by the prosecutors of this state, applying the rule retroactively would have a substantial effect upon the administration of justice. This accords with the concurring opinion of Chief Justice COLEMAN that the result in Fountain is based on the Court's supervisory powers over the practices and procedures used in the courts of this state. Fountain, supra, 99-100.
It is beyond question that the Fountain rule must be adhered to after its release. However, we hold that it will be retroactively applied only where a defendant has not received notice that a supplemental information would be filed and that lack of such notice works to the prejudice of the defendant.
Applying that ruling to the case at bar, it is clear that the defendant received ample notification of the prosecutor's intent to file a supplemental information. In fact, it framed a part of the plea bargain in which all parties participated. The defendant was not prejudiced by the filing of the supplemental information after the plea to the underlying charge.
Affirmed.