Opinion
Docket No. 17574.
Decided January 6, 1975. Leave to appeal applied for.
Appeal from Wayne, Roland L. Olzark, J. Submitted Division 1 November 12, 1974, at Detroit. (Docket No. 17574.) Decided January 6, 1975. Leave to appeal applied for.
Melvin R. Szymarek was convicted of assault with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder. Defendant appeals. Affirmed.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, William L. Cahalan, Prosecuting Attorney, Dominick R. Carnovale, Chief, Appellate Department, Patricia J. Boyle, Principal Attorney, Research, Training Appeals, and David Karapetian, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Carl Ziemba, for defendant on appeal.
Defendant was convicted by a jury of assault with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder. MCLA 750.84; MSA 28.279.
The facts at trial reveal that the home of a codefendant, Alphonse Schaaf, Jr., was next door to that of Edward Pasnik, the complaining witness. Pasnik was separated from his wife and testified that he had heard she was at Schaaf's home. Testimony appears to be undisputed that in the early afternoon on November 24, 1972, Pasnik went to Schaaf's home. An argument ensued and Pasnik attacked Schaaf with a ball-peen hammer, hitting and finally felling him. Schaaf testified that Pasnik indicated that he would come back that night to kill Schaaf, his wife, and Pasnik's own wife and children.
Pasnik stated that he returned to his own home later that night from work at about 10:30 p.m. As he was attempting to enter his house, he heard a door shut behind him. Two people ran out of Schaaf's house. He heard a shotgun blast and was hit in the head and side of his face. Pasnik further testified that he recognized defendant and Schaaf as his assailants and that both men beat him with the butts of their guns. He was able to crawl to a nearby coal bin where he sat supporting himself until police came.
Schaaf stated that defendant was his brother-in-law, and had come over to assist him in the event that Pasnik returned that evening. Schaaf was upstairs in his home at approximately 10:30 p.m. that evening when he heard breaking glass in his house. He concluded that Pasnik had returned and he and defendant grabbed rifles and ran outside. Schaaf called to Pasnik, who turned at the sound of his name. Schaaf admitted that both he and defendant fired at Pasnik simultaneously, attempting to hit him in the leg. Schaaf then went over to Pasnik and asked somebody to call the police.
Defendant first alleges the trial judge erred in failing to instruct the jury that a man need not retreat from his own home when attacked and he may take reasonable measures to repel a forceable entry to prevent danger to himself and his family.
At the conclusion of the trial court's instructions, the judge asked if there were any objections. Defense counsel voiced none and indicated he was satisfied with the instructions. Therefore, absent a miscarriage of justice, this Court should not set aside a jury verdict on the basis of error in the instructions.
MCLA 769.26; MSA 28.1096.
We conclude, however, that no error was committed. This Court was confronted with a similar issue in the case of People v Godsey, 54 Mich. App. 316, 319, 220 N.W.2d 801 (1974). There the Court stated:
"To this retreat requirement there has been engrafted a well established exception — which is beyond our power as an intermediate level appellate court to disturb — that a `man is not, however, obliged to retreat if assaulted in his dwelling, but may use such means as are absolutely necessary to repel the assailant from his house, or to prevent his forcible entry, even to the taking of life'. Pond v People, [ 8 Mich. 150] supra, 177."
Viewing the facts most favorably to defendant, he and codefendant Schaaf grabbed guns, ran to the door of Schaaf's house and saw Pasnik running back toward his own house. These facts do not entitle defendant to an instruction on the "no retreat" rule. As further stated in Godsey, supra, 320:
"Was the defendant in his dwelling at the time of the fatal assault? If so, the trial court was obliged to sua sponte instruct the jury with respect to the no retreat rule. People v Paxton, 47 Mich. App. 144; 209 N.W.2d 251 (1973). If not, the trial court's failure to so instruct was, of course, not reversible error."
Defendant next contends that it was error to instruct the jury that if they did not find the charge of assault with intent to commit murder proven, that they had to consider the lesser included offenses.
The trial judge instructed the jury on three possible lesser included offenses: 1. Assault with intent to do great bodily harm less than the crime of murder; 2. Felonious assault; 3. Assault and battery.
The instruction complained of was:
"There are three offenses embraced in this information of lesser degree than Assault With Intent to Commit Murder. And it is necessary that they be defined because in the event you find that the defendants committed an assault as I have defined it, but without intent to commit murder, then it becomes necessary for you to consider these lesser offenses."
Defendant claims that the above instruction was unduly coercive. In support of that proposition he relies on People v Ray, 43 Mich. App. 45, 48; 204 N.W.2d 38 (1972). Ray, however, is distinguishable from the case at bar. There the trial judge instructed the jury in pertinent part as follows:
"`If you find the defendant not guilty of the first charge, then go to the second charge. You don't have to vote on all of them. If you find him guilty of the first charge, there is no need to go to the other charges.
* * *
"`The Court: Well you have to either keep voting on the first charge until you either all find him not guilty, or all find him guilty.'"
In Ray, supra, the court required the jury to acquit on the higher charge before they could go on to lesser offenses. In the instant case, the trial judge did not require the jury to acquit the defendant before considering lesser offenses; he merely instructed them that if they could not, or did not, convict on the higher charge, they should also examine the lesser offenses. Unlike the circumstances in Ray, supra, there was no "requirement of unanimous agreement on defendant's innocence of the greater charge before discussion of the lesser charges [was] permitted * * *". People v Ray, supra, at 50. See also, People v Harmon, 54 Mich. App. 393; 221 N.W.2d 176 (1974).
The entire instruction, when read in conjunction with the cases cited, convinces us that no error was committed.
We find the remaining issues to be sufficiently without merit so as to warrant no further discussion.
Affirmed.
All concurred.