Opinion
Docket No. 58413.
Decided June 7, 1983.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Louis J. Caruso, Solicitor General, William F. Delhey, Prosecuting Attorney, and David A. King, First Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Susan I. Einowski, for defendant on appeal.
Before: T.M. BURNS, P.J., and ALLEN and CYNAR, JJ.
Following a jury trial, defendant was found guilty of felonious assault, MCL 750.82; MSA 28.277, a lesser-included offense of the original charge of assault with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder, MCL 750.84; MSA 28.279. Defendant was sentenced to a prison term of one and one-half to four years. He appeals as of right, raising three issues.
Defendant argues that the trial court committed error requiring reversal by holding that the prosecutor exercised due diligence in attempting to produce a res gestae witness, David Holley. The determination of due diligence rests within the sound discretion of the trial court and will be overturned on appeal only when a clear abuse of discretion is shown. People v McShan, 120 Mich. App. 496; 327 N.W.2d 509 (1982); People v Donald, 103 Mich. App. 613, 615; 303 N.W.2d 247 (1981).
In this case, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by determining that due diligence had been exercised. Factually, this case is similar to People v Fournier, 86 Mich. App. 768, 776-779; 273 N.W.2d 555 (1978). Both Trooper Payne and the prosecutor contacted the missing witness's grandparents and left their phone numbers in case Holley contacted his grandparents. Other leads were investigated, and the aid of other res gestae witnesses was sought. As in People v Stanford, 68 Mich. App. 168, 172-173; 242 N.W.2d 56 (1976), several attempts were made, but no leads were discovered. The Court in Stanford recognized that it was a close case and that a greater effort by the police may have been required. The Court, however, did not find the efforts so lacking that the trial court's approval constituted error requiring reversal. We find no reversible error in this case.
Defendant also argues that the trial court erred requiring reversal by refusing to give CJI 3:1:12 (Witnesses — Conflicting Testimony) in its entirety. The court agreed to give the instruction except for subparagraph (3). Apparently, the Washtenaw circuit bench believes that subparagraph does not correctly state the law of Michigan.
CJI 3:1:12(3) reads:
"However, if you have a reasonable doubt as to which testimony you believe, it is your duty to accept the testimony favorable to the defendant."
Jury instructions must be read as a whole, People v Johnson, 93 Mich. App. 667, 670; 287 N.W.2d 311 (1979), and not extracted piecemeal in an effort to establish error requiring reversal. People v Choate, 88 Mich. App. 40, 45; 276 N.W.2d 862 (1979), lv den 406 Mich. 940 (1979).
The omission of subparagraph (3) did not remove an issue from the jury's consideration. The jury was fully apprised of the claim of self-defense, unlike the omission of an alibi instruction in People v Crofoot, 254 Mich. 167; 235 N.W. 883 (1931). The trial court instructed the jury on its role in evaluating the testimony for weight, credibility and believability. The jury was given the greater portion of the requested instruction, and the trial court fully instructed the jury on the burden of proof and the necessity for proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Although the trial court did not state its reason for the omission of subparagraph (3), we conclude that the instructions, taken as a whole, gave the essence of the omitted paragraph and adequately informed the jury of the applicable law.
Finally, we consider defendant's third allegation of error. Admission of photographic evidence lies within the sound discretion of the trial court. People v Eddington, 387 Mich. 551, 561-563; 198 N.W.2d 297 (1972); People v Rocha, 110 Mich. App. 1, 13; 312 N.W.2d 657 (1981), lv den 413 Mich. 912 (1981). The reviewing court must determine whether the photographs were substantially necessary or instructive to show material facts or conditions or were merely calculated to excite passion and prejudice. People v Falkner, 389 Mich. 682, 685; 209 N.W.2d 193 (1973). Photographs which are pertinent, relevant, competent or material on any issue are not inadmissible merely because they show shocking or gruesome details of the crime. People v Fuzi #2, 116 Mich. App. 277, 281; 323 N.W.2d 358 (1982).
Defense counsel objected to the admission of a photograph taken one week after the incident while the victim was in the hospital. Defense counsel objected on the basis that the photograph was inflammatory because the victim's hair was shorn and that the photograph was not representative of what occurred on the evening of June 4, 1980. Defense counsel also argued that the photograph was merely cumulative evidence due to the testimony of the victim and the doctor who treated him as to the type, location and size of the injury.
We conclude that the photograph could have been helpful to throw light on the location and extent of the victim's head wound. In light of defendant's claim of self-defense, the conflicting testimony regarding the number of blows to the head and defendant's claim that only the end of the broken board struck the victim's head, the photograph could have aided the jury in determining the intent or the malice and force with which defendant struck the victim. The photograph could have been instructive and, in light of the fact that the photograph showed a "clean" wound rather than a bloody one, would not have been calculated to excite passion or prejudice. The admission of the photograph was within the sound discretion of the trial court, and we find no abuse of that discretion.
Affirmed.