Summary
In People v. Shastal, 26 Mich. App. 347, 351-352; 182 N.W.2d 638 (1970), this Court noted that "it is the subsequent offense, committed while the [sentencing enhancement] act is in effect, that is punished more harshly, and not the first offense."
Summary of this case from People v. HaynesOpinion
Docket No. 7,778.
Decided August 28, 1970.
Appeal from Ionia, Leo B. Bebeau, J. Submitted Division 3 May 6, 1970, at Grand Rapids. (Docket No. 7,778.) Decided August 28, 1970.
John Shastal, Jr., was convicted of escaping from prison and was sentenced as a third offender. Defendant appeals. Affirmed.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, and Walter M. Marks, Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
John L. McNamara, for defendant on appeal.
Defendant was convicted by a jury of escaping from prison, a violation of MCLA § 750.193 (Stat Ann 1962 Rev § 28.390), and was sentenced as a third offender pursuant to MCLA § 769.11 (Stat Ann 1954 Rev § 28.1083). Defendant was sentenced to five to ten years in prison based on the supplemental charge contained in the information.
Defendant was arrested and arraigned on the warrant on March 10, 1969. He appeared in circuit court the next day when counsel was appointed for him. He evidenced a desire to plead guilty to the crime of escaping from the reformatory, but when he appeared in circuit court to plead, changed his mind and demanded preliminary examination and trial. At this time, the prosecuting attorney is alleged to have indicated that he would probably "supplement" defendant, meaning he would file a supplemental information charging him with the two prior felony convictions and request sentencing pursuant to the habitual offender act.
An examination was held on March 24, 1969, and defendant was bound over for trial. The jury trial resulted in conviction and, after the jury was excused, the supplemental information was filed. Defendant admitted the prior convictions and was sentenced accordingly. He urges several grounds for reversal, none of which have any merit.
Defendant contends that he was subjected to double jeopardy in that his accumulated "good time" earned at the reformatory was forfeited as a result of his escape and that he was convicted in court of the "same offense". MCLA § 800.33 (Stat Ann 1954 Rev § 28.1403) provides that a prisoner's good time may be forfeited by special order of the warden for any escape or attempt to escape. The crime of escaping from prison is a felony determinable only in a court of law. As this Court said in People v. Wilson (1967), 6 Mich. App. 474, 477:
"The Michigan Supreme Court has consistently held that `jeopardy' requires criminal prosecution in a court of justice. See People v. Powers (1935), 272 Mich. 303, 307, and People v. Tillard (1947), 318 Mich. 619, 623.
"Here the procedure whereby the defendant's good time was forfeited was conducted as the statute requires, in an administrative proceeding and not in a criminal proceeding in a court of justice."
Defendant was not subjected to double jeopardy as the procedure whereby defendant's good time was forfeited was conducted as the statute requires, in an administrative proceeding and not in a criminal proceeding in a court of justice.
Defendant next contends that the delay of 14 days between his arraignment and the preliminary examination deprived him of his right to a speedy examination as required by MCLA § 766.4 (Stat Ann 1954 Rev § 28.922). At most, the delay could only have been two days beyond the statutory period and, in all probability, was well within that period. The delay, if any, was caused by defendant himself and was too short to have been prejudicial. People v. Wickham (1968), 13 Mich. App. 650.
Defendant contends that upon his refusal to plead guilty as he indicated he would do and his demand for a preliminary examination, the prosecutor's statement (made to defendant's counsel in response to his question) that he would have no choice but to "supplement" defendant was a threat to induce him to plead guilty. Defendant did not plead guilty but says that the statement showed the prosecutor's tactics to be coercive. We do not agree because the statement was made in response to counsel's question and was made after and not before defendant demanded a preliminary examination. In any event the statement did not prejudice this defendant as he did not plead guilty and was tried and convicted by a jury.
Defendant contends the trial court was guilty of prejudice in imposing a more severe sentence on this defendant than that imposed on another escapee. Defendant escaped with one Fred Dyer. Dyer, who had had three previous felony convictions, pled guilty to the information, was not "supplemented", and did not receive an increased sentence under the habitual offender act. The maximum penalty for the crime of escape is five years in prison and Dyer received from one and one-half to five years. The habitual offender act, under which defendant was sentenced, provides for a maximum penalty of twice that provided as punishment for the crime charged, or ten years in this case. Defendant received a sentence of from five to ten years.
A trial judge has great discretion in sentencing within the statutory maximum and minimum sentences; in light of the fact that the defendant could have received a ten-year sentence, we think the trial court showed restraint rather than prejudice in this matter.
Defendant claims that the habitual offender's act, MCLA § 769.11 (Stat Ann 1954 Rev § 28.1083), is unconstitutional because a defendant sentenced pursuant to it is being punished twice for the same crime. The statute is in no manner ex post facto; it is the subsequent offense, committed while the act is in effect, that is punished more harshly, and not the first offense. People v. Miller (1959), 357 Mich. 400.
Just as the law makes provision for the first or youthful offender in the form of probation, delays in sentences, etc., so the law also makes provision for the repeater or habitual criminal and this Court agrees with the statement of the Michigan Supreme Court in People v. Palm (1929), 245 Mich. 396, 401:
"Such laws evidence a desire on the part of the people of the State to protect themselves from the acts of habitual violators of law. Such persons, by the repeated commissions of felonies, have shown that they are a menace to society, unfit for liberty, and should be deprived thereof. The punishment in such cases is increased because of the apparent persistence in the commission of crime by the person convicted and his indifference to the laws deemed necessary for the protection of the people and their property. Experience teaches that the fear of severe punishment is more likely to rid the State of this type of professional criminals than any effort which may be made looking to their reformation."
There are no procedural errors as the non-mandatory statutory procedure was followed. The jury was never informed of the prior offenses and defendant admitted he was guilty of those offenses. People v. Everson (1969), 16 Mich. App. 739.
Affirmed.