Summary
rejecting claim regarding material disclosed during People's case-in-chief where trial court afforded defendant opportunity to review material and recall relevant witness for cross-examination
Summary of this case from Scott v. GrahamOpinion
11-30-2016
The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. Calvin SANCHEZ, appellant.
Gruvman, Giordano & Glaws, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Charles T. Glaws and Erica W. Fenstermacher of counsel), for appellant. Eric Gonzalez, Acting District Attorney, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Leonard Joblove and Lori Glachman of counsel), for respondent.
Gruvman, Giordano & Glaws, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Charles T. Glaws and Erica W. Fenstermacher of counsel), for appellant.
Eric Gonzalez, Acting District Attorney, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Leonard Joblove and Lori Glachman of counsel), for respondent.
MARK C. DILLON, J.P., THOMAS A. DICKERSON, SYLVIA O. HINDS–RADIX, and JOSEPH J. MALTESE, JJ.
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Dwyer, J.), rendered July 11, 2011, convicting him of attempted murder in the second degree, assault in the first degree, conspiracy in the second degree, assault in the second degree, and criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, upon a jury verdict, and imposing sentence.
ORDERED that the judgment is modified, as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice, by vacating the conviction of conspiracy in the second degree under count two of the indictment, vacating the sentence imposed thereon, and dismissing that count of the indictment; as so modified, the judgment is affirmed."A trial court has broad discretion to restrict the scope of voir dire by counsel and indeed must preclude repetitive or irrelevant questioning" (People v. Jean, 75 N.Y.2d 744, 745, 551 N.Y.S.2d 889, 551 N.E.2d 90 [citations omitted]; see People v. Boulware, 29 N.Y.2d 135, 140, 324 N.Y.S.2d 30, 272 N.E.2d 538 ). A restriction on the time allotted for voir dire is generally permissible where defense counsel is "afford[ed] ... a fair opportunity to question prospective jurors about relevant matters" (People v. Jean, 75 N.Y.2d at 745, 551 N.Y.S.2d 889, 551 N.E.2d 90 ; see CPL 270.15[1][c] ; People v. Steward, 17 N.Y.3d 104, 110–111, 926 N.Y.S.2d 847, 950 N.E.2d 480 ). Here, the record shows that the Supreme Court did not improvidently exercise its discretion in limiting the time allotted to the defendant during voir dire (see People v. Jean, 75 N.Y.2d at 745, 551 N.Y.S.2d 889, 551 N.E.2d 90 ; People v. Thompson, 45 A.D.3d 876, 877, 847 N.Y.S.2d 114 ; People v. Wheeler, 268 A.D.2d 448, 449, 701 N.Y.S.2d 442 ).
There is no merit to the defendant's contentions that the prosecution violated his constitutional rights by failing to inform him of exculpatory information known to the People (see Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 ) and by failing to provide him with prior written or recorded statements made by prosecution witnesses (see People v. Rosario, 9 N.Y.2d 286, 213 N.Y.S.2d 448, 173 N.E.2d 881 ; CPL 240.45 ). To the extent that the defendant is contending that he was prejudiced by the late disclosure of certain Rosario and Brady material, such contention is without merit. The defendant failed to demonstrate that he suffered any prejudice from the delay in disclosure (see CPL 240.75 ; People v. Poladian, 2 A.D.3d 755, 768 N.Y.S.2d 646 ; People v. King, 298 A.D.2d 530, 531, 748 N.Y.S.2d 665 ; People v. Collins, 283 A.D.2d 437, 438, 723 N.Y.S.2d 880 ; People v. Rodriguez, 269 A.D.2d 613, 704 N.Y.S.2d 822 ). As to some of the material, it was provided to the defendant before cross-examination of the relevant witness (see People v. King, 298 A.D.2d at 531, 748 N.Y.S.2d 665 ; People v. Page, 296 A.D.2d 427, 428, 745 N.Y.S.2d 193 ). As to the other material, including but not limited to the entire burglary file and requested portions of the grand jury minutes, the Supreme Court afforded the defendant the opportunity to review it and recall the relevant witness for cross-examination concerning this material (see People v. Gutierrez, 273 A.D.2d 251, 251–252, 710 N.Y.S.2d 250 ). While the People unquestionably have a duty to disclose exculpatory material in their control, a defendant's constitutional right to a fair trial is not violated where, as here, he or she "is given a meaningful opportunity to use the allegedly exculpatory material to cross-examine the People's witnesses or as evidence during his [or her] case" (People v. Cortijo, 70 N.Y.2d 868, 870, 523 N.Y.S.2d 463, 517 N.E.2d 1349 ; see People v. Jacob, 287 A.D.2d 740, 741, 732 N.Y.S.2d 245 ; People v. Robertson, 275 A.D.2d 380, 712 N.Y.S.2d 421 ).
However, we agree with the defendant's contention that the evidence was legally insufficient to support the conviction of conspiracy in the second degree. While the defendant failed to preserve this challenge, we reach it in the exercise of our interest of justice jurisdiction (see CPL 470.15[6][a] ). The defendant was charged with conspiracy in the second degree based on his alleged agreement to engage in the crime of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the second degree, which requires the knowing and unlawful possession of a controlled substance of an aggregate weight of four or more ounces (see Penal Law § 105.15 ; Penal Law § 220.18[1] ). Here, there was legally insufficient evidence that the defendant agreed to possess four or more ounces of cocaine (see People v. Reales, 27 A.D.3d 584, 810 N.Y.S.2d 371 ; People v. Dathan, 27 A.D.3d 575, 812 N.Y.S.2d 119 ).
The sentence imposed was not excessive (see People v. Delgado, 80 N.Y.2d 780, 587 N.Y.S.2d 271, 599 N.E.2d 675 ; People v. Thompson, 60 N.Y.2d 513, 519, 470 N.Y.S.2d 551, 458 N.E.2d 1228 ; People v. Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80, 455 N.Y.S.2d 675 ).
The defendant's remaining contentions have been rendered academic in light of our determination.