Opinion
June 27, 1994
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Kings County (Miller, J.).
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution (see, People v. Contes, 60 N.Y.2d 620), we find that it was legally sufficient to establish the defendant's guilt of depraved indifference murder (Penal Law § 125.25) beyond a reasonable doubt. Moreover, upon the exercise of our factual review power, we are satisfied that the verdict of guilt was not against the weight of the evidence (CPL 470.15). The record reveals that the defendant stabbed the unarmed decedent 13 times. Three of the stab wounds were to the decedent's chest. Two of these wounds were to the heart and were three to four inches deep while the third wound was to the lung and was five to six inches deep. Given the extent of the injuries and the number of stab wounds the defendant inflicted upon his victim, the jury could reasonably find that the defendant evinced a depraved indifference to human life (see, People v Applegate, 176 A.D.2d 888; People v. Sosa, 181 A.D.2d 532).
The defendant contends that the court's justification charge was erroneous because it included the instruction that he had the duty to retreat even though the altercation occurred in his dwelling (see, Penal Law § 35.15). However, defendant failed to object to these instructions at trial and thus has failed to preserve this claim for appellate review (see, CPL 470.05). In any event, although the court's charge was improper, this error does not warrant reversal in the interest of justice because the extreme violence of defendant's actions negates any claim that they were reasonably necessary to defend himself (see, Penal Law § 35.15). Accordingly, any error in this respect was harmless (see, People v. Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230, 241-242).
Contrary to the defendant's contention, he was accorded meaningful representation (see, People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147). The record reveals that defense counsel sought to suppress the defendant's pretrial statements to the police, that he vigorously cross-examined the People's witnesses, and that he put forward a coherent and reasonable defense. Indeed, the defendant was found not guilty of the count charging intentional murder (see generally, People v. Davidson, 197 A.D.2d 701).
The sentence was not excessive (see, People v. Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80). Thompson, J.P., O'Brien, Ritter and Krausman, JJ., concur.