Opinion
No. 25976
Decided August 27, 1973.
Interlocutory appeal. Pending trial on a charge of assault in the first degree, defendant filed a motion to suppress two inculpatory statements. From granting of motion, the People appeal.
Ruling Affirmed
1. CRIMINAL LAW — Voluntariness of Confession — Findings — Upheld — Review — Evidence. The trial court's findings of facts on the voluntariness of a confession will be upheld on review if supported by adequate evidence in the record.
2. Confession — Testimony — Officer — Defendant — Implied Promise — Statements — Involuntary. Where officer testified that he told defendant ". . . that it would be easier for us to work on and also himself if he would tell us exactly what happened," and defendant testified that officer "told me that it would be easier on me and him if we told him, if we confessed it happened," and trial court found that this testimony revealed an implied promise which rendered the subsequent statements of defendant involuntary, held, since trial court's finding was supported by the record, it must be sustained.
3. COURTS — United States Supreme Court — Brady v. United States — Confession — Admissibility. Under the United States Supreme Court case of Brady v. United States, the admissibility of a confession depends upon whether it was compelled within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment; to be admissible, the confession must be free and voluntary; it must not be extracted by any sort of threats or violence, nor obtained by any direct or implied promises, however slight.
4. CRIMINAL LAW — First Statement — Leniency — Custody — Eleven Hours — Second Statement — Tainted — Suppression — Proper. Where defendant's first statement was induced by an implied promise of leniency, and defendant remained in continuous custody without outside contact during approximate eleven hour period between first statement and second statement, held, under these circumstances, second statement was tainted by taint of first statement and was therefore properly suppressed.
Interlocutory Appeal from the District Court of Pueblo County, Honorable Thomas F. Phelps, Judge.
J. E. Losavio, Jr., District Attorney, Donald M. Hoerl, Deputy, James R. Guelin, Deputy, for plaintiff-appellant.
Rollie R. Rogers, State Public Defender, J. D. MacFarlane, Chief Deputy, Mary G. Allen, Deputy, for defendant-appellee.
This is an interlocutory appeal. Pending trial on a charge of assault in the first degree, defendant Pineda filed a motion to suppress two inculpatory statements. After a hearing, the trial court granted the motion. The district attorney, on behalf of the People, appeal. We affirm the trial court's ruling.
After being advised of his constitutional rights, the defendant made two statements to different interrogating police officers on December 17, 1972. The trial court found that these statements were induced by an implied promise by Officer Avery to the defendant that the defendant would receive some leniency in exchange for a confession.
[1] The trial court's findings of facts on the voluntariness of a confession will be upheld by this court on review if supported by adequate evidence in the record. People v. Medina, 180 Colo. 56, 501 P.2d 1332 (1972); Gould v. People, 167 Colo. 113, 445 P.2d 580 (1968).
[2] Officer Avery testified that he told the defendant ". . . that it would be easier for us to work on and also himself if he would tell us exactly what had happened." The defendant testified that Officer Avery "told me that it would be easier on me and him if we told him, if we confessed it happened." The trial court found that this testimony revealed an implied promise which rendered the subsequent statements of the defendant involuntary. People v. Medina, supra. The trial court's finding being thus supported by the record must be sustained.
[3] The standards governing admissibility of a statement or confession made by one accused of a crime were summarized recently by the United States Supreme Court in Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 90 S.Ct. 1463, 1471-72, 25 L.Ed.2d 747 (1970), which held that the admissibility of a confession depends upon whether it was compelled within the meaning of the Fifty Amendment. To be admissible, a confession must be free and voluntary. It ". . . must not be extracted by any sort of threats of violence, nor obtained by any direct or implied promises, however slight . . ." (Emphasis added.)
[4] Was the second statement made to Sergeant Lutes properly suppressed by the trial court by reason of the taint present in obtaining the first statement? We answer this in the affirmative. The facts in this case are similar to those in People v. Medina, supra. In that case, the second statement was given to a second officer almost immediately after the first statement. Here, the first statement was given at 2:05 a.m. on December 17, 1972 to Officer Avery and the second statement was given to Sergeant Lutes at 12:55 p.m. on the same day. During the interim, the defendant was in continuous custody and did not see or speak to anyone except investigating officers.
People v. Potter, 176 Colo. 510, 491 P.2d 974 (1971), relied upon strongly by the People to support reversal, is distinguishable on the facts. In Potter, an interval of five days separated the two interrogations. The defendant was not in custody nor under arrest during that interval. Furthermore, the trial court in Potter found that the interrogating officer of the second confession had independent sources of information which removed the primary taint of the first confession. In no sense was the second questioning a continuation of the first. Here, the second questioning was an integral part of the first, and therefore, the impermissible inducement for the first statement carried over to the second statement. The circumstances under which the second confession was obtained were not "significantly distinguishing to purge it of the original taint." Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 83 S.Ct. 407, 9 L.Ed.2d 441 (1963); Westover v. United States, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966).
Ruling affirmed.
MR. JUSTICE DAY, MR. JUSTICE GROVES and MR. JUSTICE LEE do not participate.