Summary
In People v. Office, 126 Mich. App. 597, 337 N.W.2d 592 (App. 1983), the court held that defendant's guilty plea did not waive his right to assert IAD violations.
Summary of this case from Mohler v. StateOpinion
Docket No. 62931.
Decided June 21, 1983. Leave to appeal denied, 418 Mich. 883.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Louis J. Caruso, Solicitor General, L. Brooks Patterson, Prosecuting Attorney, Robert C. Williams, Chief Appellate Counsel, and Margaret G. Horenstein, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Gettleson Sobel (by Michael A. Sobel), for defendant on appeal.
Before: DANHOF, C.J., and M.F. CAVANAGH and D.E. HOLBROOK, JR., JJ.
On October 28, 1981, defendant pled guilty to the crime of breaking prison, contrary to MCL 750.193; MSA 28.390. Thereafter sentenced to a prison term of one to five years, defendant appeals as of right.
Defendant escaped from a halfway house in Pontiac, Michigan, in mid-July, 1977, where he was serving time for an uttering and publishing conviction. In February, 1978, defendant was arrested in Wisconsin and subsequently convicted of sexual assault. He was sentenced to up to five years in prison.
In late October, 1978, the Michigan Department of Corrections sent a letter and an administrative warrant to the Wisconsin State Prison. Said letter informed the Wisconsin authorities that defendant was wanted in Michigan for escape from the Pontiac home and additionally requested that said authorities "please keep us advised" as to defendant's status. In early December, 1978, the Wisconsin authorities acknowledged the receipt of the letter and administrative warrant and stated defendant's tentative release date was November 14, 1985, unless released at an earlier date on parole. Said authorities stated they would notify the Michigan authorities at least 30 days prior to defendant's scheduled release date. Additionally, said authorities notified defendant by a printed form entitled "Notification of Detainer and Acknowledgment of Speedy Trial" that a "Detainer" had been filed against him. The portion of said form permitting defendant to request a speedy trial was crossed out.
No formal action was taken by the Michigan authorities until April, 1981, when a formal complaint and warrant were issued against defendant charging him with breaking prison. Defendant unsuccessfully fought extradition arguing that the delay in filing a formal complaint violated his right to a speedy trial. Defendant was returned to Michigan on July 7, 1981, and subsequently pled guilty.
Defendant first claims that the failure to supply him with a means for requesting a speedy trial violated Art III of the Interstate Agreement on Detainers (IAD), MCL 780.601; MSA 4.147(1). We agree.
"The purpose of the IAD is to counteract the uncertainties which obstruct programs of prisoner treatment and rehabilitation when a prisoner's status is clouded by the existence of untried charges on which detainers have been lodged." People v Browning (On Rehearing), 108 Mich. App. 281, 290; 310 N.W.2d 365 (1981).
Art III prescribes a procedure by which a prisoner may demand prompt disposition of charges against him in a state other than the one in which he is imprisoned. Art III(a) requires that a prisoner be brought to trial within 180 days after he has filed a written request for final disposition of his case. The 180 days does not start to run until said request is made, Edmond v Dep't of Corrections, 78 Mich. App. 196; 259 N.W.2d 423 (1977).
The IAD provisions are triggered, however, only after a "detainer" is filed with the custodial state by the state having untried pending charges. People v Paulus, 115 Mich. App. 183; 320 N.W.2d 337 (1982). We must, therefore, first determine if a detainer was filed against defendant before we can examine the merits of defendant's claim.
The IAD contains no definition of the word "detainer". However, this Court has recognized that a detainer is a notification filed with the institution where a prisoner is serving a sentence advising him that he is wanted to face pending criminal charges in the notifying state. Paulus, supra, p 186. A detainer need not be a formal document. People v Beamon, 83 Mich. App. 121; 268 N.W.2d 310 (1978). Accordingly, we hold the letter, together with the administrative warrant sent to the Wisconsin authorities in late October, 1978, constituted a "detainer" herein. See People v Bentley, 121 Mich. App. 36; 328 N.W.2d 389 (1982); Paulus, supra; People v Browning, supra, p 292; People v Monasterski, 105 Mich. App. 645; 307 N.W.2d 394 (1981); People v Beamon, supra.
Once a detainer is filed against a prisoner, certain obligations arise, one of which is found in Art III(c):
"The warden, commissioner of corrections or other official having custody of the prisoner shall promptly inform him of the source and contents of any detainer lodged against him and shall also inform him of his right to make a request for final disposition of the indictment, information or complaint on which the detainer is based." MCL 780.601; MSA 4.147(1).
In other words, the mechanism by which a defendant makes his request for final disposition depends on the good faith of those sending and receiving the detainer. In the case at bar, defendant was informed by the Wisconsin authorities that a "detainer" had been lodged against him. He was, however, unequivocally denied the opportunity to request final disposition of the prison break charge since the portion on the form allowing same was crossed out. Moreover, it is the state's responsibility to bring formal charges upon the filing of a detainer and defendant should not be penalized for the state's failure to do so.
When a detainer is lodged against a defendant and he learns of informal charges pending against him, as in the instant case, we believe the purpose and spirit of the IAD is violated if defendant is prevented from asserting his rights under the act simply because he has not been formally charged. After filing the detainer herein with knowledge of defendant's whereabouts, neither the Department of Corrections nor the prosecutor took any formal action on the outstanding charge. This is the type of practice the IAD was designed to prevent. Moreover, it is unmistakable the Michigan authorities were kept well informed of defendant's Wisconsin release date since immediately prior to said date a formal complaint and warrant were filed against him on the prison break charge. We hold that failure to inform defendant of his right to request final disposition of said charge and the failure to formally charge defendant when said detainer was issued violated defendant's rights under Art III.
Additionally, we hold that the burden of such official noncompliance with Art III must fall on the prosecution. See Bentley, supra. We further hold that the appropriate remedy herein is dismissal of the prison break complaint against defendant. Bentley, supra, Edmond, supra, and Articles III(d), IV(e), and V(c) of the IAD, MCL 780.601; MSA 4.147(1).
In People v Meyers, 109 Mich. App. 719; 311 N.W.2d 454 (1981), vacated on other grounds 412 Mich. 916 (1982), this Court noted that the IAD contains no requirement that a defendant show prejudice resulted from a violation of its provisions. At issue in Meyers was the application of Art IV(c), however we believe the same reasoning to apply with respect to Art III.
Finally, defendant's guilty plea did not waive his right to assert said violations under the IAD. See People v Alvin Johnson, 396 Mich. 424; 240 N.W.2d 729 (1976).
The foregoing being dispositive, we need not discuss defendant's remaining allegations of error.
Reversed.
M.F. CAVANAGH, J., concurred.
The IAD provision which is alleged to have been violated in this case, unlike the provision involved in People v Meyers, 109 Mich. App. 719; 311 N.W.2d 454 (1981), vacated on other grounds 412 Mich. 916 (1982), does not contain the sanction of automatic dismissal for violation thereof. Whether dismissal is required for a violation of this IAD provision depends on the nature of the violation and the particular circumstances involved in the case. See People v Bentley, 121 Mich. App. 36, 45-46; 328 N.W.2d 389, 393-394 (1982). Since dismissal is not automatic, I do not believe that this issue constitutes a jurisdictional defense. Therefore, I am of the opinion that defendant waived this issue by his plea of guilty. People v Alvin Johnson, 396 Mich. 424, 444; 240 N.W.2d 729 (1976).
I would affirm defendant's conviction.