Summary
affirming guilty plea in violation of statutory restrictions as not jurisdictionally defective and error in defendant's favor
Summary of this case from People v. AlanaziOpinion
10-06-2016
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Victor MANUEL, Defendant–Appellant.
Labe M. Richman, New York, for appellant. Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Hope Korenstein of counsel), for respondent.
Labe M. Richman, New York, for appellant.
Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Hope Korenstein of counsel), for respondent.
RENWICK, J.P., RICHTER, MANZANET–DANIELS, FEINMAN, KAPNICK, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (Felice K. Shea, J.), rendered February 14, 1997, convicting defendant, upon his plea of guilty, of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the fifth degree, and sentencing him, as a second felony offender, to a term of 2 ½ to 5 years, unanimously affirmed.
Defendant's claim that his plea of guilty to a class D felony, under an indictment that originally contained a class A–II felony, violated the plea bargaining restrictions set forth in CPL 220.10(5)(a)(i) is unpreserved, or forfeited by the plea (see People v. Vasquez, 267 A.D.2d 118, 119, 701 N.Y.S.2d 8 [1st Dept.1999], lv. denied 95 N.Y.2d 805, 711 N.Y.S.2d 174, 733 N.E.2d 246 [2000] ), and we decline to review it in the interest of justice. As an alternative holding, we reject the argument. The alleged failure to comply with the statute's directive does not pose any jurisdictional impediment to enforcement of the plea. Defendant pleaded guilty to a crime that was a proper lesser included offense for plea purposes, there was no violation of his right to be convicted only upon indictment, and he freely entered into this beneficial agreement (see People v. Keizer, 100 N.Y.2d 114, 119, 760 N.Y.S.2d 720, 790 N.E.2d 1149 [2003] ; People v. Foster, 19 N.Y.2d 150, 153, 278 N.Y.S.2d 603, 225 N.E.2d 200 [1967] ). Moreover, to the extent there was any statutory error, it was in defendant's favor (see CPL 470.15[1] ; People v. Acevedo, 17 N.Y.3d 297, 302–303, 929 N.Y.S.2d 55, 952 N.E.2d 1047 [2011] ).
Defendant's argument that he was entitled to a lesser sentence based on an alleged off-the-record conditional promise of further leniency is moot because he has completed his sentence. To the extent he claims his plea was rendered involuntary by this unrecorded promise, which he asserts was alluded to on the record, that claim is unsupported by the existing, unexpanded record.
The court met its obligations under People v. Peque , 22 N.Y.3d 168, 196–197, 980 N.Y.S.2d 280, 3 N.E.3d 617 (2013), cert. denied sub nom. Thomas v. New York, 574 U.S. ––––, 135 S.Ct. 90, 190 L.Ed.2d 75 (2014) by warning defendant that his plea might result in deportation. We find nothing in Peque that would require a plea court to ascertain whether a particular conviction carries mandatory deportation under federal law and advise a defendant accordingly.
Defendant's claim that his plea counsel was ineffective by failing to negotiate a plea with more favorable immigration consequences is unreviewable on direct appeal because it involves matters not reflected in, or fully explained by, the record (see People v. Rivera, 71 N.Y.2d 705, 709, 530 N.Y.S.2d 52, 525 N.E.2d 698 [1988] ; People v. Love, 57 N.Y.2d 998, 457 N.Y.S.2d 238, 443 N.E.2d 486 [1982] ). Although defendant made a CPL 440.10 motion, it did not encompass this claim, and in any event he did not obtain leave from this Court to appeal from the denial of the motion. Accordingly, the merits of the ineffectiveness claims may not be addressed on appeal. In the alternative, to the extent the existing record permits review, we find that defendant received effective assistance under the state and federal standards (see People v. Benevento, 91 N.Y.2d 708, 713–714, 674 N.Y.S.2d 629, 697 N.E.2d 584 [1998] ; Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 [1984] ). Defendant's claim that a more immigration-favorable plea might have been available is purely speculative (see People v. Olivero, 130 A.D.3d 479, 480, 13 N.Y.S.3d 408 [1st Dept.], lv. denied 26 N.Y.3d 1042, 22 N.Y.S.3d 171, 43 N.E.3d 381 [2015] ).