Summary
In Johnson, the Michigan Supreme Court considered the issue of whether a person who does not possess a firearm during a crime could even be convicted under the felony firearm statute as an aider and abetter in order to resolve a conflict within the Michigan Court of Appeals.
Summary of this case from Harris v. BookerOpinion
Docket Nos. 62147, 62854.
Argued March 4, 1980 (Calendar Nos. 1, 2).
Decided March 30, 1981. Rehearing denied post, 1155.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, and Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, for the people.
William L. Cahalan, Prosecuting Attorney, Edward Reilly Wilson, Principal Attorney, Appeals, and Andrea Solak, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people in Johnson. Frank R. Del Vero, Prosecuting Attorney, and Thomas C. Nelson, Assistant Attorney General, for the people in Tavolacci. Raymond L. Miller and Michael P. Hubbarth for defendant Johnson.
J. David Reck, P.C., for defendant Tavolacci.
PEOPLE v WALTER JOHNSON
Defendant Walter Johnson and codefendant Edgar Johnson held up a bar in the City of Detroit. Defendant Walter Johnson took money from the cash register while his codefendant kept the patrons at bay with a revolver. The defendants left the bar and divided the money.
On March 7, 1977 defendant Walter Johnson entered a plea of guilty as charged to the offenses of robbery armed, MCL 750.529; MSA 28.797, and possession of a firearm during the commission of or attempt to commit a felony, MCL 750.227b; MSA 28.424(2). Defendant was sentenced to not less than 25 nor more than 75 years on the armed-robbery count and the mandatory 2-year imprisonment on the felony-firearm count.
PEOPLE v TAVOLACCI
Defendant Timothy Tavolacci had agreed to bring Jack McAleer, an undercover officer from the Washtenaw Area Narcotics Team, to a pool hall in Howell, Michigan, under the pretense of making a drug deal. According to the plan defendant was to introduce McAleer to Randy Harmon and Frederick Budziak who were to take him to a remote field and kill him. On May 17, 1977, defendant brought McAleer to the pool hall and introduced him to Harmon and Budziak. McAleer, Harmon and Budziak drove to a field outside of Oak Grove in Cohoctah Township, Livingston County. Budziak took a shotgun out of the trunk of the car and pointed it at McAleer. McAleer was able to disarm Budziak and the plan failed. Defendant remained in the pool hall during this time and eventually went to the home of a friend where he later received word of the frustrated attempt.
Defendant pled guilty of assault with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder, MCL 750.84; MSA 28.279, and to possession of a firearm during the commission of or attempt to commit a felony, MCL 750.227b; MSA 28.424(2). Defendant was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than four nor more than ten years on the assault charge and a mandatory two-year term of imprisonment on the felony-firearm charge.
In the instant cases the defendants did not personally possess a firearm during the commission of the felonies. On appeal the prosecutors have contended that a defendant may be guilty of violating MCL 750.227b, notwithstanding the lack of actual personal possession, if he is shown to have aided and abetted another who has such possession.
Because in a felony-firearm prosecution the possession of the firearm is a distinct crime from the underlying felony, Wayne County Prosecutor v Recorder's Court Judge, 406 Mich. 374; 280 N.W.2d 793 (1979), the aiding and abetting charge must be established in each to support conviction of each.
To convict one of aiding and abetting the commission of a separately charged crime of carrying or having a firearm in one's possession during the commission of a felony, it must be established that the defendant procured, counselled, aided, or abetted and so assisted in obtaining the proscribed possession, or in retaining such possession otherwise obtained. See People v Doemer, 35 Mich. App. 149; 192 N.W.2d 330 (1971); People v Francis, 71 Cal.2d 66; 450 P.2d 591; 75 Cal.Rptr. 199 (1969).
In neither of the instant cases does the record show that the defendant assisted the accomplice to obtain or retain possession of the firearm which the accomplice possessed during the commission of the felony.
Accordingly, we remand these cases to the trial courts. On remand the prosecutor shall be given an opportunity to establish that the defendant procured, counselled, aided or abetted and so assisted the accomplice to obtain or retain possession of the firearm which the accomplice possessed during the commission of the felony. If the prosecutor is able to do so and there is no contrary evidence, the judgments of conviction of felony-firearm in these cases shall be affirmed. If the prosecutor is unable to do so, the judgments of conviction of felony-firearm shall be set aside. If contrary evidence is produced, these matters shall be treated as a motion to withdraw the guilty pleas and the court shall decide these matters in the exercise of its discretion. Guilty Plea Cases, 395 Mich. 96; 235 N.W.2d 132 (1975).
COLEMAN, C.J., and WILLIAMS, LEVIN, FITZGERALD, RYAN, and BLAIR MOODY, JR., JJ., concurred with KAVANAGH, J.