Opinion
Docket No. 78-1869.
Decided January 10, 1980.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, David H. Sawyer, Prosecuting Attorney, and Carol S. Irons, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Buth, Wood Weidaw (by George S. Buth and Stephen M. Tuuk), for defendant.
Before: ALLEN, P.J., and R.B. BURNS and T.M. BURNS, JJ.
On December 8, 1977, defendant pled guilty to assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct involving penetration, contrary to MCL 750.520g(1); MSA 28.788(7)(1), and possession of a firearm in the commission thereof, contrary to MCL 750.227b; MSA 28.424(2). On March 20, 1978, he was sentenced to prison for six to ten years on the assault charge and to a consecutive sentence of two years on the felony-firearm charge. A number of issues are raised on appeal.
First, defendant claims that his guilty plea on the assault charge was defective because the trial court failed to elicit a sufficient factual basis pursuant to GCR 1963, 785.7(3)(a). In particular, defendant contends that his plea to the crime of assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct involving penetration was defective because the elements of that charge were not made out by his recitation of the facts. The prosecution concedes this fact but asserts that GCR 1963, 785.7(3)(a) does not require recitation of facts which support the charge of assault with the intent to commit criminal sexual conduct where the facts pleaded support a finding that defendant is guilty of the offense charged.
GCR 1963, 785.7(3)(a) states:
"If the defendant pleads guilty, the court, by questioning him, shall establish support for a finding that he is guilty of the offense charged or the offense to which he is pleading." (Emphasis supplied.)
Since defendant was originally charged with assault with intent to rob while being armed (MCL 750.89; MSA 28.284) and since he acknowledged during the plea taking that he had committed armed robbery of the victim, we conclude that a sufficient factual basis was obtained in conformity with GCR 1963, 785.7(3)(a). People v Sinclair, 58 Mich. App. 609, 612-613; 228 N.W.2d 486 (1975), cf. People v Hooper, 58 Mich. App. 132; 227 N.W.2d 250 (1975).
Next, defendant claims that his conviction under the felony-firearm statute is invalid because the statute violates his constitutional right against double jeopardy. This claim was recently settled and has been rejected by the Michigan Supreme Court in Wayne County Prosecutor v Recorder's Court Judge, 406 Mich. 374; 280 N.W.2d 793 (1979).
Third, defendant contends that, because he was not advised during his plea of the sentence consequences regarding a possible escape charge, a knowing and understanding plea was not entered. The record clearly indicates that the trial judge informed the defendant that if he was on probation or parole at the time of the violation for which he was presently pleading, he could be sentenced for violating probation or parole. This conforms with GCR 1963, 785.7(1)(e). That defendant may also have been subject to further sentencing based upon a separate, substantive criminal charge of escape is inconsequential to the voluntariness or understanding of defendant's plea to the instant charge. Thus, the trial court's failure to inform the defendant of the consequences of a pending charge for escape from a work release program is legally insignificant since it involves an unrelated offense upon which the instant plea has no effect.
Fourth, defendant claims that his plea was a product of an illusory bargain because as part of the agreement in exchange for defendant's plea, the prosecutor agreed that "there will be no charge made against Mr. Hutcherson as an habitual offender". Defendant argues that since the prosecutor was fully aware of defendant's previous felony conviction and chose not to charge him under the habitual offender statute (MCL 769.10 et seq.; MSA 28.1082 et seq.) prior to the plea taking, he was precluded from doing so under the rule announced in People v Fountain, 407 Mich. 96; 282 N.W.2d 168 (1979). Since the prosecution could not legally apply the habitual offender statute to the defendant, it is claimed that the use of this statute as a bargaining tool rendered the bargain illusory, mandating reversal under People v Roderick Johnson, 86 Mich. App. 77, 79; 272 N.W.2d 200 (1978). We disagree.
People v Fountain, supra, involved two distinct situations in which the prosecutor filed supplemental informations under the habitual offender statute following the defendant's convictions by trial. In contrast, the instant situation involves a negotiated plea by defendant, represented by counsel, and the prosecutor not to charge defendant as an habitual offender. The agreement was reached prior to defendant's plea. Presumably, if an agreement had not been reached, the prosecutor would have pursued all of the pending and potential charges against defendant. The rule announced in Fountain does not preclude the prosecutor from proceeding with a prosecution under the habitual offender act so long as its action is prompt, providing fair notice to the accused sufficiently in advance of a conviction on the current charge. Since, at the time the plea bargain was made and accepted, the accused was in fact "a potential subject of habitual offender supplementation" the offer by the prosecutor to forego supplementation as part of the plea agreement was not illusory. People v Roderick Johnson, supra, 79.
Finally, defendant claims that he is entitled to a remand for an evidentiary hearing to determine whether his plea was "involuntary in fact" allegedly because his attorney misinformed him regarding the offense to which defendant would plead guilty.
We note that the factors alleged by defendant in the instant case as rendering his plea involuntary are materially different from the factors relied on by the Courts in People v James, 393 Mich. 807, 808 (1975), and People v Walker, 75 Mich. App. 552; 255 N.W.2d 658 (1977), relied on by defendant. Here, defendant claims that an unkept promise by his attorney that defendant would be able to plead guilty to a charge other than the one to which he ultimately pleaded caused an improperly induced plea. This was followed by defendant's motion to withdraw his plea, which was apparently never ruled on by the lower court. In contrast, in People v James, supra, and People v Walker, supra, the Courts were confronted with situations in which there was a possibility of coercion as a matter of fact, arising from the prosecutor's promise of leniency for defendant's relative in exchange for a guilty plea to the current charge.
Nonetheless, because the trial judge did not rule on the defendant's motion to withdraw his plea, we remand for an evidentiary hearing as to the voluntariness of defendant's plea. The trial judge shall determine, after an evidentiary hearing, whether defendant was improperly induced by his trial counsel to plead to assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct involving penetration, after being assured by counsel that his plea would be to assault with intent to commit a felony. If so, defendant's convictions on the instant charges are reversed and should be set for trial. If not, or if it is determined that defendant voluntarily chose to plead to the instant offenses, notwithstanding his attorney's assurances to the contrary, then the convictions are affirmed.
Remanded. This Court retains no further jurisdiction.
I agree that this case ought to be remanded for an evidentiary hearing on the voluntariness of defendant's plea. However, I disagree with the majority's interpretation of GCR 1963, 785.7(3)(a). The majority would support defendant's guilty plea conviction of assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct involving penetration even though there is no factual support for this conviction in the guilty plea transcript.
In People v Haack, 396 Mich. 367, 378; 240 N.W.2d 704 (1976), the Supreme Court, quoting People v Coates, 32 Mich. App. 52, 70; 188 N.W.2d 265 (1971) (LEVIN, J., dissenting), stated:
"A guilty plea `may be accepted even though the defendant is unsure of his guilt and even where he denies his guilt if after careful inquiry the judge satisfies himself that there is a substantial factual basis for the plea and that the plea represents a well-considered and well-advised choice by the defendant'." (Emphasis in original.)
In the instant case there is no "substantial factual basis for the plea". The construction given this Court Rule by the majority does an injustice to the spirit of this Court Rule as evidenced by the Supreme Court's opinion in the Guilty Plea Cases, 395 Mich. 96, 129; 235 N.W.2d 132 (1975), cert den sub nom Saunders v Michigan, 429 U.S. 1108; 97 S.Ct. 1142; 51 L.Ed.2d 561 (1977), where the Supreme Court reviewed the factual basis of the various pleas by the defendants before it and affirmed many of them on the basis that "it appears on the record that the defendant pled guilty to an offense of which he might have been convicted at trial".
On the facts presented at the guilty plea proceeding below, defendant could not have been convicted by a jury of assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct involving penetration. It is irrelevant that he could have been convicted of any other charge because it was this crime that he pleaded guilty to. Therefore, I would hold that on remand the prosecutor be required to establish the missing elements of this crime. Id., 129. If he is able to do so, then defendant's conviction should be affirmed. However, if the prosecutor is unable to do so, defendant's guilty plea should be vacated.