Summary
In People v. Horton, 107 Mich. App. 739, 310 N.W.2d 34 (1981), the trial court impermissibly broadened the class of sex-related crimes which the jury could consider as a basis for felony-murder by instructing on criminal sexual conduct instead of on rape.
Summary of this case from State v. SeilerOpinion
Docket No. 55116.
Decided July 8, 1981. Leave to appeal applied for.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, William L. Cahalan, Prosecuting Attorney, Edward Reilly Wilson, Principal Attorney, Appeals, and Don W. Atkins, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Gail Rodwan, Assistant State Appellate Defender, for defendant on appeal.
Before: DANHOF, C.J., and CYNAR and MacKENZIE, JJ.
ON REMAND
Defendant was tried before a jury on charges of felony murder (rape), MCL 750.316; MSA 28.548, and first-degree criminal sexual conduct, MCL 750.520b; MSA 28.788(2). He was convicted of felony murder but acquitted of criminal sexual conduct. In People v Horton, 99 Mich. App. 40; 297 N.W.2d 857 (1980), we reversed under the inconsistent verdict doctrine, holding that the felony-murder conviction based on a completed act of criminal sexual conduct could not stand where defendant was found not guilty of the same criminal sexual conduct. The people subsequently filed an application for leave to appeal with the Supreme Court, which remanded the case to this Court for reconsideration in light of its decision in People v Vaughn, 409 Mich. 463; 295 N.W.2d 354 (1980).
The defendant in Vaughn had been charged with felonious assault and felony-firearm and the jury convicted him of felonious assault only. This Court vacated that conviction under the inconsistent verdict doctrine, People v Vaughn, 92 Mich. App. 742; 285 N.W.2d 444 (1979), but the Supreme Court reversed, stating:
"Juries are not held to any rules of logic nor are they required to explain their decisions. The ability to convict or acquit another individual of a crime is a grave responsibility and an awesome power. An element of this power is the jury's capacity for leniency. Since we are unable to know just how the jurors reach their conclusion, whether the result of compassion or compromise, it is unrealistic to believe that a jury would intend that an acquittal on one count and conviction on another would serve as the reason for a defendant's release. These considerations change when a case is tried by a judge sitting without a jury. But we feel that the mercy-dispensing power of the jury may serve to release a defendant from some of the consequences of his act without absolving him of all responsibility." (Footnotes omitted.) 409 Mich. 466.
The decision in Vaughn was based on Dunn v United States, 284 U.S. 390; 52 S Ct 189; 76 L Ed 356 (1932), which held that each count in an indictment is regarded as if it were a separate indictment and that consistency in the verdict is unnecessary.
In the following paragraph, the Supreme Court suggested an alternative ground for the holding in Vaughn:
"Furthermore, because of the difference in language of the two statutes, the jury verdicts may not have been inconsistent in fact, as the jury may have believed a `dangerous weapon' * * * other than a firearm * * * was used." 409 Mich. 467.
Nevertheless, we are compelled to hold that the rule against inconsistent verdicts has been repudiated.
In our previous opinion in this case, we concluded that the lower court should have instructed the jury on rape, rather than criminal sexual conduct, as the underlying felony for first-degree murder. See People v MacDonald, 409 Mich. 110; 293 N.W.2d 588 (1980). However, this error alone did not constitute grounds for reversal. The instruction did broaden the class of sex-related crimes which could be considered as the basis for felony murder because it permitted such a conviction based on sodomy. We find defendant was not prejudiced by this instruction where there was no evidence at trial of anal penetration and what evidence there was on the matter indicated penetration of the victim's genital opening. Furthermore, instructional error was not one of the issues raised by the defendant on appeal.
Defendant does contend that there was insufficient evidence for a rational jury to find him guilty of a rape or criminal sexual conduct. After reviewing the testimony we conclude that this contention lacks merit. See, People v Ramsey, 89 Mich. App. 260; 280 N.W.2d 840 (1979).
Based upon the foregoing, we affirm and order the reinstatement of defendant's original conviction and sentence. Our prior decision is reversed.