Opinion
No. 16641 Ind. No. 2699/14 Case No. 2018-1974
11-15-2022
The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Rigoberto Fonseca, Defendant-Appellant.
Caprice R. Jenerson, Office of the Appellate Defender, New York (Sean Nuttall of counsel), for appellant. Darcel D. Clark, District Attorney, Bronx (Cynthia A. Carlson of counsel), for respondent.
Caprice R. Jenerson, Office of the Appellate Defender, New York (Sean Nuttall of counsel), for appellant.
Darcel D. Clark, District Attorney, Bronx (Cynthia A. Carlson of counsel), for respondent.
Before: Gische, J.P., Kapnick, Kern, Gesmer, Higgitt, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, Bronx County (Robert A. Neary, J.), rendered August 2, 2017, convicting defendant, after a jury trial, of attempted gang assault in the first degree and assault in the third degree, and sentencing him to an aggregate term of 5½ years with 4 years' postrelease supervision, unanimously affirmed.
The court did not unfairly restrict defense counsels' questioning of prospective jurors regarding the presumption of innocence, burden of proof, and right to remain silent (see generally CPL 270.15[1][c]; People v Steward, 17 N.Y.3d 104, 110 [2011]). The court repeatedly secured prospective jurors' assurances that they would follow these rules and apply the law as instructed, and defense counsel had numerous opportunities to ask follow-up questions. In view of this, the court's time limits on questioning were appropriate exercises of discretion under the circumstances (see Steward, 17 N.Y.3d at 110-11).
The court also did not unfairly restrict defense counsels' questioning of prospective jurors regarding the law of justification. Counsel had ample opportunity to ask prospective jurors about their experiences with and views regarding fighting and to elicit their assurances that people had a right to defend themselves. The court was not required to additionally provide a specific instruction regarding the justification defense, nor did counsel explicitly request one (see People v Marlett, 191 A.D.3d 1183, 1187 [3d Dept 2021], lv denied 37 N.Y.3d 966 [2021]).
Although the court should have granted defense counsels' request to "briefly discuss the concept of accessorial liability... in connection with the prospective jurors' ability to follow the court's instructions" (see People v Thomas, 298 A.D.2d 187, 188 [1st Dept 2002], lv denied 99 N.Y.2d 585 [2003]), defendant was not prejudiced by this omission, and thus reversal is not warranted (see Steward, 17 N.Y.3d at 113). All seated jurors promised to apply the law as instructed, the law of accomplice liability was adequately explained at trial, defendant's involvement in the fight was established by overwhelming evidence, and defendant was acquitted of several charges of which his codefendants were convicted.
Although the court sometimes disagreed with or corrected defense counsel, its remarks did not rise to the level of denigration.
We perceive no basis for reducing the sentence.