Opinion
July 28, 1997
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Westchester County (Colabella, J.).
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
Contrary to the defendant's contention, the accusatory instrument filed with the court contained the signature of the Grand Jury foreman pursuant to CPL 200.50 (8). Thus, the indictment was not defective (see, People v. Miller, 75 Misc.2d 1).
As a passenger in the vehicle lawfully stopped by the police, the defendant lacked standing to contest the seizure of the jewelry in plain view recovered from the console next to the steering wheel (see, People v. White, 232 A.D.2d 437).
Contrary to the defendant's contention, it was reasonable for the police officer to check the vehicle in order to secure it prior to having it towed to the impound lot. Thus, the discovery of a glassine envelope of marihuana in plain view on the console and a half-burned marihuana cigarette in the open ashtray was not improper. After the defendant was arrested for possession of marihuana, the numerous items of jewelry recovered from the defendant's pants pocket were seized pursuant to a valid search incident to a lawful arrest (see, People v. De Santis, 46 N.Y.2d 82, 87, cert denied 443 U.S. 912). The search of the defendant's black bag recovered from the vehicle during the subsequent inventory search was also proper as closed containers may be opened and examined during an inventory search (see, People v. Gonzalez, 62 N.Y.2d 386; People v. Gallego, 155 A.D.2d 687, 689).
The defendant was properly sentenced as a persistent violent felony offender. Since he failed to challenge his 1982 convictions in 1988 when he was sentenced as a second violent felony offender, the defendant waived his right to make any allegation of unconstitutionality with regard to those convictions (see, CPL 400.15 [b]; 400.16 [2]; People v Dickerson, 202 A.D.2d 247). With regard to the 1988 conviction, the sentencing court did not improvidently exercise its discretion in rejecting, without a hearing, the defendant's challenge to the use of that conviction to adjudicate him a persistent violent felony offender. The defendant's allegations were bare of facts sufficient to support a finding of unconstitutionality (see, People v. Covington, 233 A.D.2d 169; People v. Harris, 199 A.D.2d 102, 103).
Bracken, J. P., Sullivan, Pizzuto and Krausman, JJ., concur.