Opinion
August 26, 1991
Appeal from the County Court, Westchester County (West, J.).
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
On November 23, 1987, at a gas station on the Hutchinson River Parkway, an unidentified individual approached a police officer and informed him that several men had been using cocaine in the gas station's bathroom. This informant also told the officer that these men were driving a light blue Toyota.
The officer then drove his vehicle away from the gas station and followed the blue Toyota onto the Parkway. The officer soon determined that the Toyota was proceeding at approximately 75 miles per hour.
The officer directed the Toyota to pull over to the side of the Parkway, and he then approached the driver and asked him to produce his license and registration. When the driver proved unable to do so, the officer asked him to step out of the car.
As the operator stepped out of his vehicle, the officer observed a clear plastic package of what appeared to be marihuana on the front seat. A subsequent search of the vehicle yielded more marihuana as well as cocaine. The defendant, who was one of the passengers in the vehicle, was arrested with his companions.
After a jury trial, the defendant was convicted of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree. On appeal, the defendant argues, among other things, that the search of the Toyota was illegal. We disagree. The officer lawfully stopped the vehicle, since its driver had been observed committing a traffic violation (see, People v Ellis, 62 N.Y.2d 393; People v Graves, 163 A.D.2d 487; People v Rodriquez, 160 A.D.2d 960; People v Harvey, 146 A.D.2d 585). The officer was equally justified in ordering the driver to step out of the car (see, Michigan v Long, 463 U.S. 1032; People v Robinson, 74 N.Y.2d 773, cert denied 493 U.S. 860; People v McLaurin, 70 N.Y.2d 779). The officer's seizure of the bag of marihuana which was exposed upon the driver's exit from the car was justified pursuant to the "plain view" exception to the warrant requirement (People v McLaurin, supra; People v Belton, 55 N.Y.2d 49; People v Rose, 125 A.D.2d 727). The discovery of the marihuana, in turn, justified a full scale search of the vehicle for additional contraband (Chambers v Maroney, 399 U.S. 42; People v Langen, 60 N.Y.2d 170, cert denied 465 U.S. 1028).
The People correctly note that it is absurd to suggest that the officer in question had the constitutional obligation to allow the driver of the blue Toyota to exceed the speed limit by 20 miles, and to "close his eyes to a blatant traffic infraction", simply because the officer also had some reason to believe that one or more of the occupants of the car were in possession of contraband. The legality of the officer's conduct is not diminished by the fact that in addition to having more than probable cause to believe that the driver had committed a traffic infraction, he also had what was arguably less than probable cause to believe that the driver had committed more serious crimes as well. Therefore, we reject the defendant's argument that the contraband seized must be suppressed on the basis that the initial stop of the vehicle was a "pretext" (cf., People v Vasquez, 173 A.D.2d 580; People v Llopis, 125 A.D.2d 416). There is, in any event, no evidence from which to draw the inference, as a matter of fact, that the officer stopped the vehicle as a pretext for conducting a search for drugs.
We have examined the defendant's remaining contentions and find them to be without merit. Bracken, J.P., Kooper, Lawrence and Miller, JJ., concur.