Opinion
December 19, 1994
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Queens County (Joy, J.).
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
There is no merit to the defendant's contention that the Supreme Court erred by denying his request for missing witness charges with respect to the complainant and the complainant's brother. The People established that the uncalled witnesses, who had left the country, were unavailable (see, People v Gonzalez, 68 N.Y.2d 424; People v Ortega, 166 A.D.2d 728).
The defendant further contends that the Supreme Court's charge with respect to reasonable doubt diminished the People's burden of proof. However, a review of the record indicates that the charge, when considered as a whole, properly explained the concept of reasonable doubt to the jury (see, People v Lavin, 182 A.D.2d 710; People v Rowe, 172 A.D.2d 701; People v Lawton, 144 A.D.2d 584).
We reject the defendant's contention that the Supreme Court erred by failing to properly instruct the jury concerning the evaluation of accomplice testimony. The court correctly instructed the jury that accomplice testimony must be corroborated by independent, nonaccomplice evidence tending to connect the defendant with the commission of the crime (see, People v Crimi, 137 A.D.2d 702).
The defendant's remaining contentions are without merit. Mangano, P.J., Thompson, Bracken and Altman, JJ., concur.