Opinion
February 29, 1988.
Motor vehicles — Suspension of motor vehicle operator's license — Financial responsibility requirements — Vehicle Code, 75 Pa. C. S. § 1785 — Discretion of reviewing court.
1. A trial court has no discretion to modify mandatory statutory penalties because it disagrees with the penalty established or because of perceived unfairness, and when a licensee's motor vehicle was uninsured at the time of an accident in violation of the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa. C. S. § 1785, a license suspension is mandated. [123-4]
Submitted on briefs December 15, 1987, to President Judge CRUMLISH, JR., and Judges BARRY and COLINS, sitting as a panel of three.
Appeal, No. 2352 C.D. 1985, from the Order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, in the case of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. William T. Ratliff, No. 2705, May Term, 1985.
Motor vehicle operator's license suspended by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Licensee appealed to the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County. Appeal sustained. DiBONA, JR., J. Department appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Reversed.
Harold H. Cramer, Assistant Counsel, with him, John L. Heaton, Chief Counsel, for appellant.
Edward A. Fox, for appellee.
The Department of Transportation (DOT) appeals a Philadelphia County Common Pleas Court order sustaining William Ratliff's appeal of a three-month driver's license suspension. We reverse.
Ratliff was the owner and operator of a motor vehicle uninsured at the time of a collision. DOT suspended his driver's license pursuant to 75 Pa. C. S. § 1785, which provides that if the owner does not "maintain financial responsibility on the motor vehicle at the time of the accident, the department shall suspend his operating privilege." (Emphasis added.) The common pleas court reversed, based upon its conclusion that
application of [Section 1785] to the appellant herein would be grossly unfair and a misapplication of the intended provisions of the statute, especially in light of the fact that the appellant has assumed financial responsibility for the accident, the fact that the statute had only been in effect for three days at the time of the accident, and lastly, the fact that the appellant has obtained insurance and financial responsibility after the accident.
The common pleas court found that subsequent to the accident, Ratliff agreed to compensate the accident victim's insurance carrier for $4,276 in property damage to be paid at the rate of $50 per month.
Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Ratliff (No. 2705 May Term 1985, filed July 10, 1985), slip op. at 2-3.
DOT contends that the common pleas court improperly considered extraneous factors in reversing the suspension. We agree.
In a license suspension case where the common pleas court is the fact finder, our scope of review is limited to determining whether the court based its findings on substantial evidence, committed an error of law or abused its discretion. Waigand v. Commonwealth, 68 Pa. Commw. 541, 449 A.2d 862 (1982).
When the common pleas court finds that the licensee has committed the violation for which the penalty was imposed, it is a manifest abuse of discretion to modify the penalty because it disagrees with it. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Cormas, 32 Pa. Commw. 1, 377 A.2d 1048 (1977). The trial court has but two choices: it may affirm the penalty because the law as applied to the facts establishes a violation of the statute, or it may reverse because the facts do not establish a violation. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Miller, 107 Pa. Commw. 458, 528 A.2d 1030 (1987).
Here, it is undisputed that Ratliff's vehicle was uninsured at the time of the accident and thus in violation of Section 1785. In such circumstances, the trial court "may not, because of the possible unfairness or inequity of the result, reverse the [Department] or modify the penalties imposed." Id. at 460, 528 A.2d at 1031, 1032 (quoting Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Verna, 23 Pa. Commw. 260, 262, 351 A.2d 694, 695 (1976)).
We therefore reverse the common pleas court.
ORDER
The order of the Philadelphia County Common Pleas Court, No. 2705 May Term 1985 dated July 10, 1985, is reversed and the three-month suspension of appellee's operating privilege imposed by the Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing is reinstated.