Opinion
Nos. 46,116, 46,144, 46,145, 46,151, 46,152, 46,163
Opinion filed December 11, 1971.
SYLLABUS BY THE COURT
1. TAXATION — Tax Protest Action — Proper Parties. The board of county commissioners and the county clerk, as county officers having governmental functions on the county level, are at least proper parties defendant in a tax protest action filed under K.S.A. 79-2005 to recover taxes paid to the county treasurer.
2. CIVIL PROCEDURE — Joinder of Party Defendant — Dismissal. A party who has been properly joined as a defendant in an action may gain his dismissal only by showing as a matter of law, no genuine issue of material fact being in dispute, the plaintiff is entitled to no relief as to him.
3. TAXATION — Tax Protest Action — Dismissal of Proper Parties Erroneous. In six appeals consolidated for decision in this court the records are examined and it is held the orders dismissing the boards of county commissioners and the county clerks from the actions should be reversed and the cases remanded for further proceedings in the courts below.
Appeals from Edwards district court (No. 46,116 and 46,145), MAURICE A. WILDGEN, judge. Appeal from Rush district court (No. 46,144), MAURICE A. WILDGEN, judge. Appeal from Ness district court (No. 46,151), MAURICE A. WILDGEN, judge. Appeal from Pawnee district court (No. 46,152), MAURICE A. WILDGEN, judge. Appeal from Hodgeman district court (No. 46,163), MAURICE A. WILDGEN, judge. Opinion filed December 11, 1971. Reversed and remanded.
John S. Seeber, of Adams, Jones, Robinson and Manka, of Wichita, argued the cause, and C.A. Conoley, of Kansas City, Missouri, was with him on the brief for the appellant in appeal No. 46,116. F. Vinson Roach and Frank J. Duffy, of Omaha, Nebraska, and Mark H. Adams, II, of Adams, Jones, Robinson and Manka, of Wichita, were on the briefs for the appellant in appeal Nos. 46,144, 46,145, 46,151, 46,152 and 46,163.
Matthew J. Dowd, assistant attorney general, argued the cause, and Vern Miller, attorney general, Clarence J. Malone, chief attorney for the Property Valuation Department and John E. Royston, attorney for the State Board of Tax Appeals, were with him on the briefs in all cases for the appellees. J. Byron Meeks, Edwards County Attorney, was with him on the brief for appellees in appeal Nos. 46,116 and 46,145; Ivan D. Krug, Rush County Attorney, was with him on the brief for appellees in appeal No. 46,144; Thomas L. Fiegel, Ness County Attorney, was with him on the brief for appellees in appeal No. 46,151; Louis James, Pawnee County Attorney, was with him on the brief for appellees in appeal No. 46,152, and Walter F. Stueckemann, Hodgeman County Attorney, was with him on the brief for appellees in appeal No. 46,163.
The opinion of the court was delivered by
These six appeals involve one question. Are the board of county commissioners and the county clerk proper parties defendant in a tax protest action filed under K.S.A. 1971 Supp. 79-2005.
It was stipulated by all parties that our decision herein would control and dispose of all six of these appeals. The pleadings filed in all cases were substantially the same.
A petition was filed and service was obtained on all defendants. The petition demanded the return of ad valorem taxes collected by the county. It was alleged that the taxes were illegally levied against plaintiff's property in the county, that payment was made to the county treasurer under protest and that said taxes should be refunded. The county treasurer and other state and county officials were made parties defendant in the action. The board of county commissioners and the county clerk then filed a motion to dismiss the action as to them for the reason they were not indispensable, necessary or proper parties defendant.
In each of these six actions this motion to dismiss was sustained by the trial court and the plaintiffs have appealed.
Subsequent to the trial court's ruling on the questions this court held the board of county commissioners and the county clerk, as county officers having governmental functions on the county level, are at least proper parties defendant in a tax protest action filed under K.S.A. 79-2005 to recover taxes paid to the county treasurer.
That decision made in Northern Natural Gas Company v. Bender, 208 Kan. 135, 490 P.2d 399, is determinative of these six appeals.
This opinion might well end here but we would like to clear up a misunderstanding which apparently arose from our opinion in Sebits v. Jones, 202 Kan. 435, 449 P.2d 551. In Sebits the trial court denied recovery of taxes paid under protest to the county treasurer. After reviewing the record on appeal this court affirmed the judgment of the district court. In the course of the opinion certain alleged trial errors were disposed of by this court. The appellant claimed reversible error by reason of an order of the trial court dismissing certain school districts, townships and a hospital district from the action. This court, after examining the record including the petition in the action, held that they were neither necessary nor indispensable parties and that the action encompassed by the petition could proceed to a final adjudication of plaintiff's claim without their presence. (For definition of proper, of necessary and of indispensable parties see Cities Service Oil Co. v. Kronewitter, 199 Kan. 228, Syl. ¶ 1, 428 P.2d 804.)
In the course of the discussion in Sebits at page 437 it was inadvertently stated that school districts, townships and hospital districts may be proper parties to such an action if they desire to participate. This has been misconstrued to indicate that a proper party to an action not desiring to participate in the defense might be dismissed from the action on his own motion. This is not the law. One who is a proper party to an action must remain in the action whether he desires to participate in the defense or not and any valid judgment is binding upon him.
A party who has been properly joined as a defendant in an action may gain his dismissal only by showing as a matter of law, no genuine issue of material fact being in dispute, the plaintiff is entitled to no relief as to him.
This rule was applied in Rush v. Concrete Materials Construction Co., 172 Kan. 70, 238 P.2d 704. In the Rush case an action was filed to enjoin a nuisance. Officers of two corporations were charged with maintaining the nuisance. They demanded a dismissal on the ground the petition failed to state a cause of action as to them. Dismissal was denied and the denial was affirmed by this court. The court said:
". . . Although there be sound ground for holding Mowbry and Johnson were necessary parties, and less ground for holding Homer a necessary party, we need not so decide for it seems rather clear they were at least proper parties and that the trial court so concluded." (p. 74.)
In Atella v. General Electric Company, 21 F.R.D. 372 (R.I. 1957), the federal court after quoting Rule 20, which is the counterpart of K.S.A. 60-220 relating to permissible joinder of parties, concluded:
". . . One who has been properly joined as a defendant may gain his dismissal only by showing that as a matter of law, no genuine issue of material fact being present, the plaintiff is not entitled to recover from him. . . ." (p. 375.)
K.S.A. 60-220 ( a) in pertinent part reads:
". . . All persons may be joined in one action as defendants if there is asserted against them jointly, severally, or in the alternative, any right to relief in respect of or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences and if any question of law or fact common to all of them will arise in the action. A plaintiff or defendant need not be interested in obtaining or defending against all the relief demanded. Judgment may be given for one or more of the plaintiffs according to their respective rights to relief, and against one or more defendants according to their respective liabilities."
We conclude under the authority of Northern Natural Gas Company v. Bender, supra, that these boards of county commissioners and these county clerks are at least proper parties defendant. The orders dismissing them from the actions are reversed and the cases are remanded for further proceedings in the courts below.
O'CONNOR and PRAGER, JJ., not participating.