Summary
In Palmer v. Miller North Broad Storage Co., 105 Pa. Super. 21, a child was injured when an unsecured crate fell on him.
Summary of this case from Brown v. PopkyOpinion
October 2, 1931.
January 28, 1932.
Negligence — Obstruction of sidewalk — Crates in dangerous position — Infant pedestrian — Injury of.
In an action of trespass by a minor and his parents to recover for injuries sustained by the former when he was struck by a falling crate, the evidence established that certain large crates containing goods belonging to a third person had been stored in the defendant's warehouse. The owner of the goods contracted with the defendant to deliver the crates to a third floor apartment. The crates were delivered by the defendant to the sidewalk in front of the apartment building but because of their size they could not be taken to the third floor. The goods were removed from them and delivered to the apartment but the empty crates were placed by the defendant's servants on the sidewalk near the building. Several hours thereafter one of the crates, which had been placed in such a position that it was top heavy, fell and injured the minor while he was passing. There was no intervening cause shown which made it fall.
Held: (1) That the defendant's servants were negligent in placing the crates in a dangerous position and (2) that a judgment entered for the plaintiffs will be affirmed.
In such circumstances it was immaterial that the crate stood on the sidewalk for several hours before it fell and it was not necessary for the plaintiffs to establish definitely what caused it to fall since sufficient cause could be inferred from the insecure position in which it was placed.
A person placing an obstruction on the sidewalk which is likely to prove dangerous to a passerby may be held responsible to pay the damages occasioned by an injury that ensues.
Appeals Nos. 70 and 71, October T., 1931, by defendant from judgments of C.P., No. 1, Philadelphia County, September T., 1928, No. 66, in the case of James Palmer, Jr., by his next friend and father, James O. Palmer, Sr., and Susie Palmer, in their own right v. Miller North Broad Storage Company.
Before TREXLER, P.J., KELLER, LINN, GAWTHROP, CUNNINGHAM and BALDRIGE, JJ. Affirmed.
Trespass to recover for personal injuries. Before McDEVITT, P.J., without a jury.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Superior Court.
Finding for James Palmer, Jr., in the sum of $500 and for James O. Palmer, Sr., and Susie Palmer in the sum of $250 and judgments entered thereon. Defendant appealed.
Error assigned, among others, was the entry of judgment.
George Gowen Parry, and with him Wayland H. Elsbree, for appellant. Frank J. Eustace, Jr., and with him Michael D. Hayes, for appellee.
Argued October 2, 1931.
The case was heard by the judge without a jury. Mrs. Turner had some goods in crates on storage in defendant's warehouse and for a consideration, engaged it to deliver them to her third floor apartment. When the workmen of the defendant came to the building in which she lived, they found that the larger pieces would not go through the intervening doors and they took them out of the crates by removing some of the slats and placed the crates on the sidewalk against the wall of the house. The crates occupied most of the narrow sidewalk, the largest one which caused the injury about to be referred to was quite heavy, too large for one man to carry and was six feet high by four feet wide and four feet deep. It was placed on the sidewalk in such a position that it was topheavy. The slats that had been removed were placed on a pile on the inside of one of the crates. The infant plaintiff, two years of age, his parents also being parties to the suit, was passing the larger crate when it toppled over and struck him and broke his leg. The injury thus occasioned is the basis of this suit.
If the defendant's servants placed this crate on the sidewalk in such a position that it was liable to fall and injure someone, liability for this careless act, if injury ensued, would follow. To escape liability, the defendant urges "that two hours after defendant's departure, the crate fell from the position in which it had been standing since two hours prior to defendant's arrival, and there is no evidence that defendant brought the crate, placed it in position or disturbed it in any way."
There was sufficient evidence to show that defendant's servants placed the crate in the position it occupied when the accident occurred. Mrs. Turner testified that the crates were piled against the wall of the house and this was confirmed by an eye witness to the accident who stated that "these boxes were sitting up on the side of the house, and this kid was coming down the street, and he got in front of the boxes setting up opposite the house, and I saw the box tumble over on him." Crates of large size were still standing along side of the house after the accident occurred.
Another eye witness of the occurrence stated that the crates had been there ever since noon time. The child was hurt between five and six o'clock. The conclusion would readily follow that the crate which fell and caused the accident was the crate in which the furniture had been and which was placed in position by defendant's servants. It would be extremely improbable that anyone else would come and put the crate there. Had the obstruction been properly placed or guarded, no accident would have happened in the ordinary course of events.
The difficulty in defendant's case is that this crate was placed so that as the child played along side of it, it toppled over and fell. This is what constitutes the negligence complained of. It was left in a dangerous position. That it had remained there for sometime without falling proves nothing. Common experience teaches us that an object having weight and height when placed in a position so that the strain is unequal, will not necessarily fall at once, but the shifting of its equilibrium may be gradual. There was no intervening cause shown which made it fall. Nor was it necessary for plaintiff to definitely establish what caused the crate to fall: Farbarik v. Jones, 67 Pa. Super. 517, but the insecure position into which it was placed, affords a plausible cause. A person placing an obstruction on the sidewalk which is likely to prove dangerous to a passerby may be held responsible to pay the damages occasioned by an injury that ensues and this is supported by numerous authorities among which are: Kreiner v. Straubmuller, 30 Pa. Super. 609; Mullen v. Wilkes-Barre G. E. Co., 229 Pa. 54; Euler v. City of Pittsburgh, 85 Pa. Super. 542; Farbarik v. Jones, supra; Rachmel v. Clark, 205 Pa. 314; Hresko v. Fed. Elec. Co., 301 Pa. 382; Sakach v. Antonoplos, 298 Pa. 130; McCarron v. Philadelphia, 46 Pa. Super. 145.
The defendant further urges that the testimony of Mrs. Turner is to the effect that the crates were in a pile eighteen inches high and if this be so, the accident could not have been occasioned by the defendant's agents. This requires but brief reference. The witness evidently intended to say that the slats which were taken from the crates in order to remove the furniture were piled inside of one of the crates to the height of eighteen inches.
The judgment is affirmed.