Summary
In Pagano v Mesirow, 147 Mich. App. 51, 53-55; 383 N.W.2d 103 (1985), lv den 424 Mich. 895 (1986), this Court stated there was no duty to provide security in the parking lot during all hours where a security guard patrolled the parking lot until 9:30 P.M. and plaintiff was assaulted at 11:00 P.M.
Summary of this case from Tame v. A L Damman Co.Opinion
Docket No. 76852.
Decided July 31, 1985. Leave to appeal denied, 424 Mich. 894.
Swanson Torgow, P.C. (by Paul R. Swanson), and Gromek, Bendure Thomas (by Carl L. Gromek) (of counsel), for plaintiff.
Cummings, McClorey, Davis Acho, P.C. (by Susan D. Nelson), for Norman Mesirow.
Hill, Lewis, Adams, Goodrich Tait (by Timothy D. Wittlinger and Linda S. Walton), for Kroger Company.
Plaintiff appeals as of right from the grant of summary judgment to defendants Mesirow and M.I.G. in this action seeking damages for the death of her husband, Guytano Pagano. We affirm and, therefore, find it unnecessary to address defendants' cross-appeal.
Guytano Pagano was an employee at a Kroger store located in a shopping center owned by Mesirow and managed by M.I.G. On June 13, 1981, at approximately 10:50 p.m., Pagano attempted to apprehend Larry Burgess, a suspected shoplifter, just inside the exit from the store. Burgess pulled a gun, shot and fatally wounded Pagano, and fled from the store.
Plaintiff seeks relief on the theory that defendants Mesirow and M.I.G. were negligent in providing and supervising security personnel. The defendants provided security personnel to patrol and secure the common areas of the mall, particularly the parking lot. Kroger, however, had the sole responsibility to maintain security within its store.
The shopping center security service provided by defendants ceased patrol of the parking lot at approximately 9:30 p.m. each evening. Thus, there was no patrol on duty when Pagano was shot shortly before 11 p.m.
Defendants moved for summary judgment on the grounds that they had no duty to provide security inside the Kroger store where Pagano was shot. The court initially denied the motion, stating:
"I think you can raise a question * * * that the presence of the security forces generally on the property provide protection for the center, and it is intended to protect all of the members of the center or they wouldn't provide it, and/or they would have a particular exclusion in that party's lease, I would think.
"It is no different, really, than the forces that Hudson's provides at Eastland, Northland. They operate for the benefit of all of the stores that are operating there, and if they were suddenly to take the position, we are going to close them at an arbitrary hour, knowing some of the parties were still operating their stores there, I think it is akin to the situation here, and I think they would be liable."
Defendants subsequently brought a new motion supported by Williams v Detroit, 127 Mich. App. 464; 339 N.W.2d 215 (1983). In Williams, supra, the plaintiff, an alleged business invitee at an Autorama show held at Cobo Hall in Detroit, was shot by one of the Autorama exhibitors in an exhibit hall leased by Promotions, Inc., from the city. Promotions, Inc., was responsible for security for the leased premises while the city provided police patrols in the common areas of Cobo Hall. This Court ruled that the defendant should not be liable where it had not exercised control over the security of the leased premises.
The circuit court concluded that the rule of law enunciated in Williams was controlling, that its previous denial of defendants' motion was in error, and it reluctantly granted defendants' motion in reliance on Williams.
Plaintiff now argues that the common law principle enunciated in Williams arose from the English agrarian society and is inapplicable to the modern urban environment. However, we are not convinced that the principle should be discarded by us at this time. The Williams Court saw fit to apply the principle to a modern urban lease, in part because a majority of the Supreme Court in Samson v Saginaw Professional Building, Inc, 393 Mich. 393; 224 N.W.2d 823 (1975), "apparently would not extend the landlord's duty to incidents which occurred within the boundaries of the leased premises". Williams, supra, p 470. We believe that a new direction in this area of the common law should come from the Supreme Court.
Plaintiff next argues that, even if a duty does not arise out of the relationship of the parties, defendant's undertaking to provide security services gave rise to a duty to exercise reasonable care in the undertaking. This argument fails because defendants did not undertake to provide security on the leased premises of Kroger.
Plaintiff next argues that, in any event, defendants may be held liable for breach of their duty to maintain security in the common areas of the shopping center. Plaintiff asserts that different lighting and a security patrol would have deterred criminal activity and thus may have avoided the assault on Pagano. We disagree that defendants had the duty to provide security outside the Kroger store at all hours that the store was open. Escobar v Brent General Hospital, 106 Mich. App. 828; 308 N.W.2d 691 (1981). Even were there a duty, we note with the New Jersey Supreme Court that "there would also be exceptional uncertainty with respect to the issue of causation. This is so because of the extraordinary speculation inherent in the subject of deterrence of men bent upon criminal ventures. It would be quite a guessing game to determine whether some unknown thug of unknowable character and mentality would have been deterred if the owner had furnished * * * some additional police." Goldberg v Housing Authority of Newark, 38 N.J. 578, 590; 186 A.2d 297 (1962).
Affirmed.