Summary
In Owen v. State, 159 Miss. 588, 132 So. 753, which seems to us to be the leading case on this point, the court held, "In a criminal prosecution for obtaining property or money under false pretenses, it is necessary in order to establish the corpus delicti, to prove the falsity of the representation made by evidence aliunde a confession; and a conviction based upon a confession alone as to the falsity of the pretense is not sufficient without such proof of the corpus delicti".
Summary of this case from Button v. StateOpinion
No. 29266.
March 9, 1931.
CRIMINAL LAW. To establish corpus delicti of obtaining property under false pretenses, falsity of representations must be proved by evidence aliunde confession; conviction of obtaining property under false pretenses, based solely on confession as to falsity of pretense, is insufficient without other proof of corpus delicti.
In a criminal prosecution for obtaining property or money under false pretenses, it is necessary, in order to establish the corpus delicti, to prove the falsity of the representation made by evidence aliunde a confession; and a conviction based upon a confession alone as to the falsity of the pretense is not sufficient without such proof of the corpus delicti.
APPEAL from circuit court of Attala county. HON. JNO. F. ALLEN, Judge.
C.E. Morgan, of Kosciusko, for appellant.
The state failed to make out its case in that it failed to show:
That the appellant claimed that L.D. Leach Company employed and sent him to buy and receive for Leach Company certain timbers, poles, etc., as charged in the indictment.
The state failed to show that L.D. Owen was not authorized agent of L.D. Leach Company at the time the poles were bought and shipped to Leach Company.
The court committed error in not sustaining the motion for a directed verdict, and in not giving the instruction asked by the appellant directing the jury to find him not guilty.
Eugene B. Ethridge, Assistant Attorney-General, for the state.
It is conclusively shown that appellant falsely represented himself as being the representative of L.D. Leach Company. There being nothing in the record to the contrary and the defense having offered no testimony which could tend to conflict with the testimony of the state, it definitely appears that these representations were made falsely, and that it was in reliance upon such representation that the poles were furnished.
King v. State, 124 Miss. 477.
A careful review of the record in no wise reveals any erroneous or harmful admission of improper evidence.
The state having made out its case and having complied with the statute controlling the crime involved, the determination of findings of fact was properly placed with the jury, the true triers of fact.
Appellant's failure to cite authorities constitutes a waiver of specifications of error.
Goodyear Yellow Pine Company v. Lumpkin, 130 So. 745; Johnson v. State, 154 Miss. 512.
Argued orally by C.E. Morgan, for appellant and by Eugene B. Ethridge, for appellee.
The appellant, L.D. Owen, was indicted, tried, and convicted of obtaining property under false pretense. The indictment charged that L.D. Owen, devising and intending by unlawful ways and means to obtain and get into his hands and possession the goods and property of one J.B. Terry, with the intent to cheat and defraud the said J.B. Terry of his property and goods, did then and there feloniously, knowingly, and designedly falsely pretend and represent to the said J.B. Terry that the said L.D. Owen was the duly authorized agent of one L.D. Leach Co., a foreign corporation, and that the said L.D. Leach Co. had employed and sent him the said L.D. Owen to buy and receive for the said L.D. Leach Co. certain timbers and poles, and which said timbers and poles the said L.D. Owen then and there represented that the said L.D. Leach Co. would receive and pay the said J.B. Terry therefor, and the said J.B. Terry, believing said false pretenses and representations to be true, was induced thereby to deliver, and did deliver, to the said Owen certain timbers and poles, of the goods and property of the said J.B. Terry, and of the value of one hundred dollars, and the said Owen did then and there knowingly receive and feloniously and willfully obtain said property and effects of the said Terry by means of false pretenses and representations, with the felonious intent to cheat and defraud the said Terry of his said property; whereas in truth and in fact the said Owen was not the authorized agent of the said L.D. Leach Co., and had not been then and there employed and sent by the said L.D. Leach Co. to purchase and receive for them the said timbers and poles, all of which the said Owen then and there well knew, and against the peace and dignity of the state of Mississippi.
The state proved the allegation that Owen represented himself to be the agent of L.D. Leach Co., and that Terry sold the poles to him, believing such to be true; that the first poles so delivered to Owen by Terry were shipped to L.D. Leach Co., and Owen paid Terry for them. Subsequently, other poles were delivered to Owen and shipped by him to L.D. Leach Co.; these were not paid for. It is shown in the proof that Owen represented that the reason they were not paid for was that they did not come up to specifications or to the standard required by the contract. It appeared that an agent of L.D. Leach Co. came to Durant, Mississippi, for the purpose of investigating the matter, but this witness was not produced in court, and statements made by him were not admitted in the evidence on the trial. There was other effort to show that one witness, a lawyer employed by Terry to look into the matter, called over telephone by long distance the office of L.D. Leach Co. at Chicago, but, on objection, he was not permitted to state what was said in the conversation with the representative of L.D. Leach Co., if it was such representative that he talked to.
Another witness was introduced who testified that Owen stated to him he was representing L.D. Leach Co.; and that he had quite a lot of poles, and wanted to know if the witness could assist him (Owen) in getting poles, and if he knew the owners of land where he could get poles, and that he was to assist Owen in obtaining contracts for poles upon a basage of compensation upon the measurement or footage of the poles, and that Owen stated that he was working for L.D. Leach Co. as their agent at two hundred fifty dollars a month, and that he got two per cent additional, and that he was under a ten thousand dollar bond, and that under said representations he (the witness) agreed to assist him in procuring the poles, and that he introduced him to Mr. Terry and others. He also testified to a conversation after complaint and trouble arose from dealings of Owen with the people from whom the poles were purchased, and that he asked Owen why he did not pay the people for the poles and live up to his contract, and that Owen said, "Let these people go to hell, I have got a thousand law suits in Mississippi and I will beat them all; let them unload them, I have got them." He also testified that Owen said to him, "Quit fooling with my house, take it up with me. You have got nothing to do with it; they refer all of your correspondence to me," and that he said, "Don't let them worry you," and that he further said that he was not with L.D. Leach Co., and was buying the poles direct, and not as their agent at all. There was no proof other than this to show that he was not in fact the agent of L.D. Leach Co., as he represented himself to be.
The appellant, at the conclusion of the state's evidence, moved for a directed verdict, which was overruled and exception taken, and the defendant submitted the case upon the state's testimony to the jury. The state obtained an instruction that, if the jury "believe from all the evidence in this case beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant did falsely and fraudulently hold himself out to be agent of L.D. Leach Company as charged in the indictment with authority to purchase piling for L.D. Leach Company; whereas, in truth and in fact the defendant was not the agent of L.D. Leach Company and that the defendant did obtain of and from the witness J.B. Terry one car load of piling of the value of more than twenty-five dollars with intent to defraud J.B. Terry of the same, and that the witness Terry parted with the possession of said piling and delivered the same to the defendant on the strength of said false and fraudulent representations so made by said defendant, and that the witness Terry was defrauded thereby as charged in the indictment, then you will find the defendant guilty as charged." There was a conviction and a sentence for one year in the state penitentiary.
As stated above, there was no proof, other than the alleged confession of Owen, that he was not the agent of L.D. Leach Co. Before a confession can be admitted in evidence against a person accused of crime, the corpus delicti must first be established by evidence aliunde. Pitts v. State, 43 Miss. 472; Morton v. State, 136 Miss. 284, 101 So. 379. It is true that the proof of the corpus delicti need not be beyond all reasonable doubt, and that, where there is proof of the corpus delicti by a preponderance of the evidence, and the confession is admitted, and the confessions and the proof aliunde established the corpus delicti beyond all reasonable doubt, that is sufficient. Pope v. State (Miss.), 131 So. 264.
In the present case, there is no proof aliunde the confession that Owen was not in fact the agent of L.D. Leach Co. Consequently, one of the essentials of the offense was not made out by competent evidence, and the conviction upon the confession alone is not sufficient, and the judgment must be reversed and the appellant discharged.
Reversed, and appellant discharged.