Opinion
August 5, 1977
Honorable Joe Christie Chairman State Board of Insurance 1110 San Jacinto Austin, Texas 78786
Re: Validity of personnel policy denying extended sick leave for pregnancy-related disabilities.
Dear Mr. Christie:
You ask whether the State Board of Insurance may deny extended sick leave with pay for disabilities arising from pregnancy. Under your present policy, employee requests for extended sick leave with pay on account of pregnancy-related disabilities are evaluated on the same case-by-case basis as are requests for extended sick leave on account of other disabilities. The employee's prior attendance and quality of job performance are considered in evaluating requests. The maximum amount of extended sick leave available to any individual depends upon the length of prior service. The Board proposes to adopt a policy denying extended sick leave with pay in the case of any illness or disability caused or contributed to by pregnancy, miscarriage, abortion, childbirth, or recovery therefrom.
You first ask whether the proposed policy would violate article V, § 7b of the Appropriations Act. The State Board of Insurance, an entity financed by appropriated funds, is subject to this provision, which reads in part:
b. Employees of the State shall, without deduction in salary, be entitled to sick leave subject to the following conditions:
. . . .
Sick leave with pay may be taken when sickness, injury, or pregnancy and confinement prevent the employee's performance of duty or when a member of his immediate family is actually ill. An employee who must be absent from duty because of illness shall notify his supervisor or cause him to be notified of that fact at the earliest practicable time.
Exceptions to the amount of sick leave an employee may take may be authorized by the administrative head or heads of any agency of the State provided such exceptions are authorized on an individual basis after a review of the merits of such particular case. A statement of any such authorized exceptions or the reasons for them shall be attached to the State agency's duplicate payroll voucher for the payroll period affected by such authorized exceptions.
General Appropriations Act, Acts 1975, 64th Leg., ch. 743, art. V, § 7b, at 2849-50 (emphasis added). The same provision appears in the Appropriations Act for the 1977-79 biennium. The Act clearly provides that sick leave may be taken for pregnancy and confinement. Attorney General Opinions H-251 (1974); M-1222 (1972). The Board's authority to spend appropriated funds for extended sick leave with pay derives from the third quoted paragraph and must be exercised in conformity with the legislative intent it expresses. See Attorney General Opinions H-684 (1975); H-456 (1974); H-126 (1973). We believe that the Legislature intended that agencies granting extended sick leave should make it available for all the disabilities for which accrued sick leave may be taken. The second quoted paragraph indicates the purposes for which sick leave may be taken. In our opinion, the third paragraph, which provides for exceptions as to amount of sick leave, incorporates the initial statement as to purposes. Paragraph three also requires that the agency authorize exceptions on an individual basis after reviewing the merits of individual cases. We believe the Board's present policy of making case-by-case determinations for extended sick leave accurately reflects the intent of the Appropriations Act, while the proposed policy of excluding pregnancy-related disabilities departs from the Legislature's intent.
You next ask whether the Board may deny extended sick leave with pay to pregnant employees without violating the United States Constitution, the federal civil rights and equal employment statutes, the Texas equal rights amendment, or the Texas equal employment law, article 6252-16, V.T.C.S. Since you must continue your present policy in order to comply with the sick leave provisions of the Appropriations Act, we need not determine whether adoption of the proposed policy would violate other provisions of state and federal law.
You finally ask whether the Board may deny extended sick leave to an individual pregnant employee, based on the merits of particular cases, without violating article V, section b of the Appropriations Act, the United States Constitution, the federal civil rights statute, the Texas equal rights amendment, or the Texas equal employment laws.
The Appropriations Act expressly states that exceptions as to sick leave are to be `authorized on an individual basis after a review of the merits. . . .' General Appropriations Act, Acts 1975, 64th Leg., ch. 743, art. V, § 7b, at 2850.
We do not believe that the denial of extended sick leave to an individual pregnant employee, based on the same standards applied to other disabled employees, would violate any of the other provisions about which you inquire. See General Electric Co. v. Gilbert, 97 S.Ct. 401 (1976). Geduldig v. Aiello, 417 U.S. 484 (1974); Bowe v. Colgate-Palmolive Co., 416 F.2d 711, 718 (7th Cir. 1969); Union Free School Dist. No. 6 v. New York State Human Rights Appeal Bd., 320 N.E.2d 859, 860 (N.Y.Ct.App. 1974); Attorney General Opinions H-421, H-251 (1974). Whether the denial of extended sick leave in a particular case would violate any equal protection or equal employment law would depend upon the facts of that case.
You do not ask about and we do not address any constitutional issue relating to the conditions under which maternity leave may be required. See Cleveland Board of Education v. La Fleur, 414 U.S. 632 (1974) (holding that certain mandatory maternity leave regulations violated the due process clause); Attorney General Opinion H-251 (1974).
SUMMARY
The adoption by the State Board of Insurance of a policy denying extended sick leave with pay in the case of pregnancy-related disabilities would violate article V, Section 7b of the Appropriations Act. Denial of extended sick leave to an individual pregnant employee, based on the merits of the particular case would not violate state and federal equal rights and equal employment provisions.
Very truly yours,
John L. Hill Attorney General of Texas
Approved:
David M. Kendall First Assistant
C. Robert Heath Chairman Opinion Committee