Opinion
(Filed 4 January, 1939.)
1. Pleadings § 28 —
Ordinarily a motion for judgment on the pleadings is interposed by the party seeking affirmative relief, in which case it admits facts alleged in defense and challenges the sufficiency of such facts to constitute a defense.
2. Same —
Judgment on the pleadings cannot be rendered against the party seeking affirmative relief when the allegations upon which the prayer for relief is based are denied, since such judgment must be based upon facts established by failure of specific denial or by specific admissions.
APPEAL by plaintiff from Phillips, J., at October Term, 1938, of GUILFORD. Reversed.
W. Henry Hunter and Harry Rockwell for plaintiff, appellant.
Douglas Douglas, T. J. Hill, and York Boyd for defendants, appellees.
This is a civil action to recover damages for breach of contract alleged to have been made by defendants' intestate to devise property to plaintiff.
The material allegations of the complaint requiring consideration are in substance as follows: That the parents of the plaintiff cultivated the lands of the defendants' intestate on a half share basis, and rendered various services to the deceased, who was aged and infirm; that the deceased fell and broke his arm and was removed to the home of plaintiff's parents for treatment; that he developed a severe attack of pneumonia, during which time they nursed and cared for him; that upon his recovery the deceased returned to his home, and, in about two months thereafter, approached plaintiff's parents, expressed appreciation for their care, service, and attention, and requested that he be allowed to come and live with them and have them to continue to look after him; that he stated that he had considerable property, and that if plaintiff's parents would permit him to remove to their home and they would look after him they would be well compensated for the services they had theretofore and would thereafter render, and stated that after they had been fully compensated he would leave such property as he might have remaining to the plaintiff; that in consequence of such promises, plaintiff's parents took the deceased into their home and rendered to him such services as were incident to the care and attention of an aged and infirm person who was incapable of looking after himself; and that the deceased died without fulfilling his promise to devise his property to the plaintiff.
Each and every allegation in the complaint relating to the alleged contract or promises, and relating to the services rendered, is denied in the answer.
After filing answer, in which the material allegations are denied, the defendants moved for judgment on the pleadings. Upon the hearing of the motion judgment was entered allowing the motion and decreeing that the plaintiff have and recover nothing of the defendants. Plaintiff excepted and appealed.
It is not specifically alleged in the complaint that the alleged agreement made by defendants' intestate was or was not in writing and that the complaint does not sufficiently state a cause of action is not challenged by demurrer, the accepted method of raising this issue of law. C. S., 511. A motion for judgment on the pleadings is one ordinarily interposed by the litigant seeking affirmative relief. When so interposed it admits the facts alleged in defense and challenges the sufficiency of such facts to constitute a defense. Barnes v. Trust Co., 194 N.C. 371, 139 S.E. 689; Pridgen v. Pridgen, 190 N.C. 102, 129 S.E. 419; Churchwell v. Trust Co., 181 N.C. 21, 105 S.E. 889. Judgment cannot be rendered upon the pleadings against the party seeking affirmative relief when the allegations upon which the prayer for relief is based are denied. Every fact necessary to be established as a basis for the judgment asked must be admitted either by a failure to deny specific allegations or by specific admissions of the facts. Here the defendants specifically denied both the contract and the rendition of services. See Alston v. Hill, 165 N.C. 255, 81 S.E. 291; Dix-Downing v. White, 206 N.C. 567.
The judgment below is
Reversed.