Summary
holding pole vault box inherently dangerous based on expert testimony that the owner was required to either cover it or post warning signs
Summary of this case from Chaney v. Starbucks Corp.Opinion
2014-12-3
Julianne OLDHAM–POWERS, et al., respondents, v. LONGWOOD CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT, appellant.
Congdon, Flaherty, O'Callaghan, Reid, Donlon, Travis & Fishlinger, Uniondale, N.Y. (Michael T. Reagan of counsel), for appellant. Tinari, O'Connell, Osborn & Kaufman, LLP, Central Islip, N.Y. (Frank A. Tinari of counsel), for respondents.
Congdon, Flaherty, O'Callaghan, Reid, Donlon, Travis & Fishlinger, Uniondale, N.Y. (Michael T. Reagan of counsel), for appellant. Tinari, O'Connell, Osborn & Kaufman, LLP, Central Islip, N.Y. (Frank A. Tinari of counsel), for respondents.
RANDALL T. ENG, P.J., JEFFREY A. COHEN, SYLVIA O. HINDS–RADIX, and HECTOR D. LaSALLE, JJ.
In an action to recover damages for personal injuries, etc., the defendant appeals from an order of the Supreme Court, Suffolk County (Gazzillo, J.), dated December 13, 2013, which denied its motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, with costs.
On April 15, 2010, the plaintiff Julianne Oldham–Powers (hereinafter the injured plaintiff), allegedly fell and sustained injuries after stepping into a pole vault box while walking across a field in the sports facilities area of Longwood High School. Prior to stepping into the pole vault box, she believed she was traversing a walkway, but she later learned she was walking along the pole vault runway. While she was walking, she was speaking to her daughter trying to determine which field to go to in order to watch her niece in a softball game, and she did not look down.
As a result of this accident, the injured plaintiff, and her husband suing derivatively, commenced this action against the Longwood Central School District (hereinafter the defendant) to recover damages, inter alia, for personal injuries. The defendant moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and the Supreme Court denied the motion. We affirm.
To impose liability upon a defendant in a trip-and-fall action, there must be evidence that a dangerous or defective condition existed, and that the defendant either created the condition or had actual or constructive notice of it ( see Sinclair v. Chau, 117 A.D.3d 713, 985 N.Y.S.2d 267; Lezama v. 34–15 Parsons Blvd, LLC, 16 A.D.3d 560, 792 N.Y.S.2d 123). A defendant has no duty to protect or warn against an open and obvious condition, which as a matter of law is not inherently dangerous ( see Gallo v. Hempstead Turnpike, LLC, 97 A.D.3d 723, 948 N.Y.S.2d 660; Neiderbach v. 7–Eleven, Inc., 56 A.D.3d 632, 868 N.Y.S.2d 91; Cupo v. Karfunkel, 1 A.D.3d 48, 767 N.Y.S.2d 40). The issue of whether a dangerous condition is open and obvious is fact specific, and thus usually a question for the jury ( see Clark v. AMF Bowling Ctrs., Inc., 83 A.D.3d 761, 761, 921 N.Y.S.2d 273; Monaghan v. Lake Park 135 Crossways Park Drive, LLC, 80 A.D.3d 679, 679, 915 N.Y.S.2d 290; Ruiz v. Hart Elm Corp., 44 A.D.3d 842, 843, 844 N.Y.S.2d 80). Whether an asserted hazard is open and obvious cannot be divorced from the surrounding circumstances ( see Monaghan v. Lake Park 135 Crossways Park Dr., LLC, 80 A.D.3d at 679, 915 N.Y.S.2d 290; Mazzarelli v. 54 Plus Realty Corp., 54 A.D.3d 1008, 864 N.Y.S.2d 554). A condition that is ordinarily apparent to a person making reasonable use of his or her senses may be rendered a trap for the unwary where the condition is obscured or the plaintiff is distracted ( see Clark v. AMF Bowling Ctrs., Inc., 83 A.D.3d at 761, 921 N.Y.S.2d 273; Monaghan v. Lake Park 135 Crossways Park Dr., LLC, 80 A.D.3d at 679, 915 N.Y.S.2d 290; Mazzarelli v. 54 Plus Realty Corp., 54 A.D.3d at 1009, 864 N.Y.S.2d 554).
Here, the Supreme Court properly determined that the defendant submitted sufficient evidence to establish its prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law on the ground that the pole vault box was not inherently dangerous and was readily observable to individuals employing the reasonable use of their senses ( see Gallo v. Hempstead Turnpike, LLC, 97 A.D.3d at 723, 948 N.Y.S.2d 660; Azumally v. 16 W. 19th LLC, 79 A.D.3d 922, 923, 913 N.Y.S.2d 730; Thomas v. Pleasantville Union Free School Dist., 79 A.D.3d 853, 854, 913 N.Y.S.2d 702).
In opposition, the plaintiffs raised a triable issue of fact as to whether the condition, while open and obvious, constituted a trap for the unwary. In this regard, the plaintiff submitted photographs of the pole vault area and the affidavit of the injured plaintiff, wherein she stated that she had never been to this area of the athletic fields of the high school before, believed she was walking on a walkway, and was speaking to her daughter trying to determine which field to go to ( see Clark v. AMF Bowling Ctrs., Inc., 83 A.D.3d at 761, 921 N.Y.S.2d 273; Monaghan v. Lake Park 135 Crossways Park Dr., LLC, 80 A.D.3d at 679, 915 N.Y.S.2d 290; Mazzarelli v. 54 Plus Realty Corp., 54 A.D.3d at 1009, 864 N.Y.S.2d 554). The plaintiffs also submitted the affidavit of an expert who opined that the pole vault runway and box constituted a pedestrian risk, which required the defendant to either cover the box, or place warning signs to alert pedestrians to the danger. Thus, even assuming that the pole vault area was open and obvious, this issue would only raise a triable issue of fact as to the injured plaintiff's possible comparative negligence ( see Monaghan v. Lake Park 135 Crossways Park Dr., LLC, 80 A.D.3d at 680, 915 N.Y.S.2d 290; DiVietro v. Gould Palisades Corp., 4 A.D.3d 324, 771 N.Y.S.2d 527; Cupo v. Karfunkel, 1 A.D.3d at 51, 767 N.Y.S.2d 40). Accordingly, the Supreme Court properly denied the defendant's motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint.
The defendant's remaining contentions are without merit.