Opinion
No. 18-20466
01-14-2019
Maranda Lynn ODONNELL, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Alex SALGADO; Ronnisha Bowman; Erica Hughes ; Shannon Baldwin ; David M. Fleischer ; Kelley Andrews; Andrew A. Wright; Franklin Bynum; Toria J. Finch; Lee Harper Wilson; Sedrick T. Walker, II; Cassandra Y. Holleman; Raul Rodriguez; Tonya Jones, Defendants-Appellants. Loetha Shanta McGruder; Robert Ryan Ford, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Harris County, Texas, et al., Defendants, Alex Salgado; Ronnisha Bowman; Erica Hughes ; Shannon Baldwin ; David M. Fleischer ; Kelley Andrews; Andrew A. Wright; Franklin Bynum; Toria J. Finch; Lee Harper Wilson; Sedrick T. Walker, II; Cassandra Y. Holleman; Raul Rodriguez; Tonya Jones, Appellants.
Alec George Karakatsanis, Esq., Civil Rights Corps, Arpit Kumar Garg, Daniel Volchok, Seth Paul Waxman, WilmerHale, L.L.P., Washington, DC, Michael Gervais, Susman Godfrey, L.L.P., Los Angeles, CA, Joseph Samuel Grinstein, Neal Manne, Alexandra Giselle White, Susman Godfrey, L.L.P., Houston, TX, for Plaintiffs-Appellees. George Allan Van Fleet, Van Fleet, L.P., Houston, TX, for Defendants-Appellants. Joseph David Hughes, Assistant Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General, Office of the Solicitor General, Austin, TX, for Amici Curiae State of Texas, State of Arizona, State of Nebraska. Elizabeth Baker Murrill, Esq., Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the State of Louisiana, Baton Rouge, LA, for Amicus Curiae State of Louisiana. Jared Brandon Caplan, Bradley Arant Boult Cummings, L.L.P., Houston, TX, for Amici Curiae National Association of Pretrial Service Agencies, Pretrial Justice Institute, National Association for Public Defense. Jonathan Lee Marcus, Esq., Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, L.L.P., Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae Texas Religious Organizations and Leaders.
Alec George Karakatsanis, Esq., Civil Rights Corps, Arpit Kumar Garg, Daniel Volchok, Seth Paul Waxman, WilmerHale, L.L.P., Washington, DC, Michael Gervais, Susman Godfrey, L.L.P., Los Angeles, CA, Joseph Samuel Grinstein, Neal Manne, Alexandra Giselle White, Susman Godfrey, L.L.P., Houston, TX, for Plaintiffs-Appellees.
George Allan Van Fleet, Van Fleet, L.P., Houston, TX, for Defendants-Appellants.
Joseph David Hughes, Assistant Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General, Office of the Solicitor General, Austin, TX, for Amici Curiae State of Texas, State of Arizona, State of Nebraska.
Elizabeth Baker Murrill, Esq., Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the State of Louisiana, Baton Rouge, LA, for Amicus Curiae State of Louisiana.
Jared Brandon Caplan, Bradley Arant Boult Cummings, L.L.P., Houston, TX, for Amici Curiae National Association of Pretrial Service Agencies, Pretrial Justice Institute, National Association for Public Defense.
Jonathan Lee Marcus, Esq., Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, L.L.P., Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae Texas Religious Organizations and Leaders.
Before SMITH and DUNCAN, Circuit Judges.
Judge Graves, who participated in oral argument and dissented from the published opinion issued on August 14, 2018, is now recused and did not participate in the consideration of the motion to vacate the opinion. This motion is decided by a quorum. See 28 U.S.C. § 46(d).
PER CURIAM: This court granted a stay pending appeal by issuing a published opinion, as binding law of the circuit, on August 14, 2018. See ODonnell v. Goodhart , 900 F.3d 220 (5th Cir. 2018). The original appellants were defeated in the November 2018 elections and, by operation of law, were replaced by the current appellants, who, on January 7, 2019, moved for voluntary dismissal of the appeal. The Clerk entered an order, issued as the mandate, stating that "[u]nder FED. R. APP. P. 42(b), the appeal is dismissed as of January 07, 2019, pursuant to appellants’ motion." The appellees present an unopposed motion to vacate our August 14 opinion, reasoning that "because after the motions panel granted a stay pending appeal, the individuals who were appellants at the time (i.e., the ones who sought the stay) were voted out of office, and ... their successors withdrew the appeal."
The motion for vacatur cites U.S. Bancorp Mortgage Co. v. Bonner Mall Partnership , 513 U.S. 18, 115 S.Ct. 386, 130 L.Ed.2d 233 (1994), but omits the passage that is the most significant for purposes of this matter: "Judicial precedents are presumptively correct and valuable to the legal community as a whole. They are not merely the property of private litigants and should stand unless a court concludes that the public interest would be served by a vacatur." Id. at 26, 115 S.Ct. 386 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Vacatur is permissible only under "exceptional circumstances." Id. at 29, 115 S.Ct. 386.
This panel took great strides to decide the motion for stay correctly, including, after thorough briefing, the unusual step of hearing oral argument, thirty minutes per side. The panel majority published the opinion after making certain it was a correct rendition of the law and the facts, including its holding that the district court, on remand, had violated the mandate rule.
The motion to vacate is seriously flawed in advancing the notion that "[t]hese circumstances, while unusual, are akin to a case that becomes moot while on appeal." The Supreme Court has held flatly to the contrary. In Karcher v. May , 484 U.S. 72, 108 S.Ct. 388, 98 L.Ed.2d 327 (1987), officials who (like the original appellants here) were succeeded in office by virtue of elections sought vacatur of lower-court judgments, claiming mootness and citing a case relied on by the present movants, United States v. Munsingwear, Inc. , 340 U.S. 36, 71 S.Ct. 104, 95 L.Ed. 36 (1950). The Court readily rebuffed that reasoning:
We reject this argument because its underlying premise is wrong. This case did not become unreviewable when Karcher and Orechio left office. Rather, under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 43(c)(1), [their authority] to pursue the appeal on behalf of the legislature passed to their successors in office. The rules effectuating automatic substitution of public officers were specifically designed to prevent suits involving public officers from becoming moot due to personnel changes. See Advisory Committee Notes on 1961 Amdt. to Fed. Rule Civ. Proc 25(d)(1), 28 U.S.C., pp. 568-569.
This controversy did not become moot due to circumstances unattributable to any of the parties. The controversy ended when the losing party—the New Jersey legislature—declined to pursue its appeal. Accordingly, the Munsingwear procedure is inapplicable to this case.
Karcher , 484 U.S. at 83, 108 S.Ct. 388. Several years later, the Court, in U.S. Bancorp , spoke approvingly of Karcher . See U.S. Bancorp , 513 U.S. at 25–26, 115 S.Ct. 386.
It is true, as the motion for vacatur states, that "a merits panel is not bound by a motions panel," Trevino v. Davis , 861 F.3d 545, 548 n.1 (5th Cir. 2017) (Smith, J.), but that is irrelevant because there is not, and never will be, a merits panel. As a result of the dismissal, the published opinion granting the stay is this court’s last statement on the matter and, like all published opinions, binds the district courts in this circuit.
The motion to vacate the opinion granting the stay is DENIED.