Summary
In O'Brien v. Moss (220 App. Div. 464), it was held that the plaintiff who was a passenger in a car which collided with the defendant' truck, would not be permitted to recover damages on account of fright alone, without physical injury. (See, also, Mitchell v. Rochester Ry. Co., 151 N.Y. 107).
Summary of this case from Adams v. Harry T. Mangurian, Inc.Opinion
May 4, 1927.
Appeal from Supreme Court of Erie County.
Harold J. Adams [ Edmund S. Brown of counsel], for the appellant.
Sumner Panzarella [ W. Bartlett Sumner of counsel], for the respondents.
On January 31, 1925, plaintiff Eleanor V. O'Brien was a passenger in an automobile owned and operated by her husband, the plaintiff John J. O'Brien. She and her husband have both recovered judgments against the defendant for physical injuries claimed to have been caused the wife by a collision between the O'Brien automobile and a truck which it is claimed backed suddenly off a curb and against the front of the O'Brien automobile in the village of La Salle, N.Y. The difficult question confronting the respondents is this: "Was the physical condition of plaintiff Eleanor V. O'Brien following January 31, 1925, due to the collision?" The only testimony indicating at all the severity of the impact is that of the plaintiff John J. O'Brien that the truck "come shooting down; * * * came right down * * *, because he gave the chassis a good bump." Plaintiff Eleanor V. O'Brien testified that she "thought we were going to be crushed and I was badly frightened. * * * It hit the side — front of the car and I really didn't do anything." She further said that she saw the truck come back and thought that frightened her.
This is all the record shows as to the seriousness of the collision. There is no testimony that plaintiff Eleanor was thrown at all, or bruised or even jarred. There is nothing more than that she was frightened by what she saw impending. The record is entirely devoid of proof of any physical injury to which her later sufferings and experiences can be traced. Fright alone, neither preceded, accompanied nor followed by any sort of actual physical molestation, will not support an action for damages resulting from negligence. ( Mitchell v. Rochester R. Co., 151 N.Y. 107.)
Mundy v. Levy Bros. Realty Co. ( 184 App. Div. 467) illustrates physical disturbance preceding fright and Cohn v. Ansonia Realty Co. (162 id. 791), the opposite.
In the charge to the jury the only reference made to physical injury caused to plaintiff Eleanor by the collision, which might have justified a verdict for damages, was as follows: "The wife has only one basis for recovery, pain and suffering. She claims that by reason of it, when she saw this collision was almost sure to happen, that it frightened her and produced this miscarriage and its attendant painful sufferings. * * * Mr. Brown: I ask the court to charge that if the miscarriage was caused solely by the fright that there can be no recovery. The Court: No. If the fright is caused by the apprehension of the accident, I don't think I can charge that, Mr. Brown. Mr. Brown: I take an exception."
This instruction allowed the jury to find a verdict for plaintiffs upon inadequate proof that the collision was a proximate cause of the pain, suffering and incapacitation claimed to have been experienced by Mrs. O'Brien. This charge and the lack of proof indicated require a reversal of the judgment appealed from on the law and facts and the granting of a new trial, with costs to appellant to abide the event.
All concur. Present — HUBBS, P.J., SEARS, CROUCH, TAYLOR and SAWYER, JJ.
In each case: Judgment and order reversed on the law and facts and a new trial granted, with costs to appellant to abide the event.