Summary
discussing the appeal periods in situations where post-trial motions are required and not required
Summary of this case from Schneller v. Clerk of Courts of the First Judicial Dist. of Pa.Opinion
No. 794 C.D. 2015
02-03-2016
OAK TREE CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION, Appellant v. John R. GREENE, Sr. and Linda M. Greene, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and Gary A. Hartman, Sheriff.
P. Raymond Bartholomew, Hermitage, for appellant. James Nevant, II, Hermitage, for appellee Gary A. Hartman, Sheriff.
P. Raymond Bartholomew, Hermitage, for appellant.
James Nevant, II, Hermitage, for appellee Gary A. Hartman, Sheriff.
Opinion
OPINION BY Senior Judge JAMES GARDNER COLINS.
Before this Court is Oak Tree Condominium Association's (Association) appeal of the February 9, 2015 order of the Mercer County Court of Common Pleas (Trial Court) denying the Association's request to set aside the November 3, 2014 Sheriff's sale of 112 D Clubhouse Drive, Shenango Township, West Middlesex, Pennsylvania (Property).
By October 6, 2015 order of this Court, appellee Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. was precluded from filing a brief in this matter. The only appellee in this matter is Gary A. Hartman, Sheriff.
The Association's first argument on appeal is procedural. Following the Trial Court's order denying the Association's request to set aside the Sheriff's sale of the Property, the Association filed a motion for post-trial relief on February 20, 2015. The Trial Court scheduled a hearing for disposition of the motion on March 26, 2015. On April 10, 2015, the Trial Court issued an opinion and order concluding that because the matter had not gone to trial, the motion for post-trial relief was properly styled as a motion for reconsideration. See Pa. R.C.P. No. 227.1(c). The Trial Court further concluded that because reconsideration of the February 9, 2015 order had not been expressly granted within the prescribed 30–day period, the Trial Court no longer had jurisdiction to address the merits of the Association's motion. We agree. Accordingly, we quash the Association's appeal.
The Trial Court also concluded that, even if jurisdiction was retained, the Association's motion was without merit.
Before this Court, the Association argues that pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 227.14 (Rule 227.1), a motion for post-trial relief is proper when a party is appealing an order under the Uniform Condominium Act, 68 Pa.C.S. §§ 3101–3414. In support of this argument, the Association relies upon Centennial Station Condominium Association v. Schaefer Company Builders, 800 A.2d 379 (Pa.Cmwlth.2002), and specifically this Court's statement that “[b]oth parties sought post-trial relief, and the original order was modified by orders of May 31, 2001 and June 6, 2001.” Id. at 382. In relying on Centennial Station, the Association's argument overlooks the fact that the parties in Centennial Station were before this Court on appeal following a bench trial. Id. In the instant matter, there simply was no trial.
Where a party has filed a timely motion for reconsideration following entry of a final order and the trial court has expressly granted the request for reconsideration, the 30–day period within which an appeal must be taken will stop and begin to run anew only after the entry of the trial court's decision on reconsideration. Pa. R.A.P. 903(a), 1701(b)(3). A party's filing of a motion for reconsideration, however, does not stay the appeal period; the appeal period is only tolled where the trial court “expressly grants” the request for reconsideration. Pa. R.A.P. 1701(b); Moore v. Moore, 535 Pa. 18, 634 A.2d 163, 167 (1993) (“Rule 1701(b) of the [Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure] codified this well established principle regarding the inherent authority of the trial court, and clarified the fact that a motion for reconsideration does not act as a stay of the appeal period.”); In re Merrick's Estate, 432 Pa. 450, 247 A.2d 786, 788 (1968) (a timely request for reconsideration “would not have had the effect of tolling the appeal statute where no stay of proceedings has been asked and granted”). An order that “expressly grants” a request for reconsideration must clearly state that the final order is rescinded and reconsideration is granted; “the establishment of a briefing schedule, hearing date, or issuance of a rule to show cause does not suffice,” to toll the 30–day period within which a party must appeal. Valley Forge Center Associates v. Rib–It/K.P., Inc., 693 A.2d 242, 245 (Pa.Super.1997).
By contrast, where a trial has taken place and timely post-trial motions have been filed pursuant to Rule 227.1, the appeal period does not begin to run until the trial court has issued a decision on the post-trial motions. Chalkey v. Roush, 569 Pa. 462, 805 A.2d 491, 496 (2002); Lane Enterprises, Inc. v. L.B. Foster Co., 551 Pa. 306, 710 A.2d 54 (1998). Pursuant to Rule 227.1, post-trial motions are mandatory where a party seeks to preserve issues that the party wishes to raise on appeal following a trial. Chalkey, 805 A.2d at 492 (Pa.2002). The purpose of Rule 227.1 is to allow the trial court the opportunity to examine its ruling and correct any errors in the first instance, as well as to frame the issues should appellate review be necessary. Chalkey, 805 A.2d at 494 n. 9.
While trial courts should be flexible in considering whether filings may be construed as motions for post-trial relief or motions for reconsideration, the discretion a trial court may exercise is limited by its jurisdiction. Kurtas v. Kurtas, 521 Pa. 105, 555 A.2d 804, 806 (1989); Arches Condominium Association v. Robinson, 131 A.3d 122, 125 – 127 (Pa.Cmwlth.2015); De Lage Landen Financial Services, Inc. v. Rozentsvit, 939 A.2d 915, 923 (Pa.Super.2007); Gemini Equipment Co. v. Pennsy Supply, Inc., 407 Pa.Super. 404, 595 A.2d 1211, 1213 (1991). A timely motion styled as one for reconsideration where post-trial motions are proper can be treated as a post-trial motion where the request for relief comports with the requirements delineated in Rule 227.1(a)(4)—to affirm, modify or change a decision—but an impermissible motion for post-trial relief cannot be treated as a proper motion for reconsideration where the appeal period has run before the motion is acted upon. Prior to the 30–day appeal period, a trial court has broad authority to modify or rescind an order, and is within its authority to exercise its discretion to decide even untimely motions where there is no objection. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 5505 (“a court upon notice to the parties may modify or rescind any order within 30 days after its entry ... if no appeal from such order has been taken or allowed.”); Arches Condominium Association v. Robinson, 131 A.3d 122, 128 – 129 (Pa.Cmwlth.2015). However, a trial court relinquishes its ability to act once the 30–day period has passed and a motion for reconsideration has not been expressly granted to toll the appeal period.
In the instant matter, post-trial motions were improperly filed and the Trial Court did not expressly grant reconsideration. Pa. R.C.P. No. 227.1(c); Coco Brothers, Inc. v. Board of Public Education of School District of Pittsburgh, 530 Pa. 309, 608 A.2d 1035, 1036–1037 (1992). Instead, the Trial Court issued an order scheduling a hearing to address the Association's post-trial motions on March 26, 2015. (See Certified Record Item No. 23, Trial Court's February 23, 2015 scheduling order.) The opposing parties below objected to the Association's request for relief, arguing that the Trial Court lacked jurisdiction because the 30 days within which the Trial Court had broad authority to modify or rescind its order had passed. The Trial Court examined the Association's motion and determined that it was properly one for reconsideration. In most instances the Trial Court could have then considered whether treating the motion as if it had been properly filed by the Association would prejudice the opposing parties. Kurtas, 555 A.2d at 806; Arches Condominium, 131 A.3d at 126 – 127. However, because the improper filing allowed the appeal period to run, the Trial Court lacked discretion to treat the motion as though it had been properly filed because the Trial Court was without jurisdiction.
Under the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil and Appellate Procedure, the Association was required to appeal the Trial Court's February 9, 2015 order within 30 days or file a motion for reconsideration, which if granted, would result in an appealable order. The Association did not appeal the Trial Court's February 9, 2015 order and the Association did not file a motion for reconsideration that was expressly granted by the Trial Court. Instead, the Association has appealed to this Court from the Trial Court's April 10, 2015 opinion and order where the Trial Court noted its lack of jurisdiction and, in the alternative, denied the Association's request for reconsideration. The Trial Court's April 10, 2015 order is a non-appealable order. See, e.g., In re Merrick's Estate, 247 A.2d at 787–788; City of Philadelphia v. Frempong, 865 A.2d 314, 318–319 (Pa.Cmwlth.2005). Accordingly, we quash the Association's appeal.
ORDER
AND NOW, this 3rd day of February, 2016, the appeal in the above-captioned matter is QUASHED.