Summary
In Nolan v. Haskett, 186 Ark. 455, 53 S.W.2d 996, a judgment for damages recovered against appellants for the negligent destruction of appellee's premises by fire was upheld.
Summary of this case from Moore v. Beard-Laney, Inc.Opinion
No. 4-2701
Opinion delivered November 7, 1932.
1. EXPLOSIVES — CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE. — Whether plaintiffs were guilty of contributory negligence in disconnecting the hose from a gasoline truck to a tank after the fire started which destroyed plaintiffs' premises, held for the jury. 2. EXPLOSIVES — PROXIMATE CAUSE. — Whether a gasoline vendor was negligent in leaving gasoline flowing from his truck unattended, and, if negligent, whether such negligence was a proximate cause of destruction of plaintiffs' premises by fire held for the jury. 3. EXPLOSIVES — INSTRUCTION. — in an action for negligently causing destruction of plaintiffs' premises in a gasoline explosion, an instruction which assumed the plaintiffs' contributory negligence and would have submitted only the question whether such negligence was a proximate cause of spread of the fire, held properly refused. 4. APPEAL AND ERROR — HARMLESS ERROR. — An instruction given in an action for negligently causing destruction of plaintiffs' premises in a gasoline explosion, which assumed the contributory negligence of one of the plaintiffs which would bar recovery, held not prejudicial to defendants. 5. EXPLOSIVES — SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE. — Evidence held to support a verdict for plaintiffs on account of defendants' negligence in leaving gasoline flowing into a tank unattended, resulting in destruction of plaintiffs' premises.
Appeal from Crittenden Circuit Court; Neil Killough, Judge; affirmed.
E. B. Klewer and Hughes Davis, for appellant.
Sam M. S. Margolin, for appellee.
STATEMENT BY THE COURT.
This appeal is prosecuted from a judgment for damages recovered against appellants for the alleged negligent destruction of their premises at Jericho by fire.
A truck of appellants, hauling gasoline, was driven under the shed of appellees' filling station to deliver a certain quantity of gasoline sold to C. C. Haskett. The hose attached to the gasoline truck was about 10 or 12 feet long and used to discharge the gasoline or transfer it to the underground tank of appellees' through an intake pipe about 2 inches in diameter and extending from the underground tank to the surface.
Riley, an employee of Nolan Bros., was operating the truck, and had with him a negro helper, one Fuller, and riding with them on the truck was T. J. Hayden, not an employee of appellants. When the truck reached the premises of appellees, Riley connected the hose, put the nozzle in the intake pipe, and turned on the gasoline. Hayden, the guest, went into the restaurant and sat down. Riley "propped down" the discharge lever, which would have closed, had he not done so, and shut off the flow of gasoline, and went in to get the ticket signed by Haskett, and to examine the coal oil tank.
As Haskett and Riley started out of the restaurant, the gasoline in the opening of the intake pipe became ignited. Haskett, appellee, claimed that Hayden lit a cigarette and threw the lighted match out of the door and caused the fire. Haskett ran, and, reached the hose, shouted to Riley to get on the truck and move it out, which he thought Riley was doing, and, after time for him to have reached the lever and cut the gasoline off and to move the truck, Haskett jerked the hose out of the intake pipe and bystanders pushed the truck on out of the shed, but by then the fire was beyond control, and burned up the property.
Riley, the operator, did not get on the truck, nor did he shut off the flow of gasoline. The fire had not spread to the building before the hose was jerked out of the intake pipe, and witnesses thought there was plenty of time for the operator of the truck to have cut off the flow of gasoline before the hose was disconnected, and for the driver to move the truck. The driver appeared to be greatly frightened, and made no move to start the truck nor shut off the flow of gasoline. Claimed he was afraid to do so because the hose had been jerked out of the intake pipe by Haskett and the volume of the flames increased so that he was afraid to move the truck, which was moved about 15 minutes later by bystanders.
Hayden, who was riding with Riley on the truck, and who threw the match that started the fire, was not in the employ of appellants.
The court instructed a verdict for the Gulf Refining Company, there being no testimony showing any negligence on its part in connection with the fire.
The court instructed the jury; certain instructions being objected to, and, from the judgment on the verdict against them, this appeal is prosecuted by appellants.
(after stating the facts). Appellants insist that the court erred in not instructing a verdict in its favor and in refusing to give its requested instruction No. 3. The undisputed testimony shows that the driver of the truck, in delivering the gasoline to appellees' filling station, connected the discharge hose on the truck with the intake pipe of the underground tank, "propped the lever down" so the flow of gasoline would continue, and went away, leaving it unattended while discharging the gasoline, knowing at the time that it was a dangerous thing to do, but having no thought of any danger at the time. He knew that the lever was so arranged that it would shut the gasoline off from the discharge hose if it was not continuously held by the operator to keep it open, and propped it accordingly when he went into the restaurant. If the lever had been released, the flow of gasoline would have been shut off, and if he had been operating the lever as he was supposed to do, he might easily have put out the fire caused by the match thrown down, before it gained headway, and certainly he could have shut off the flow of gasoline by releasing the lever, had he been operating it.
When the condition was discovered by the owner of the filling station and the driver of the truck, who were coming out of the building, the owner immediately shouted to the operator of the truck to cut off the gasoline and drive the truck out of the station, and, rushing to the discharge hose, jerked it out of the intake pipe so that the truck would be disconnected. The evidence is in conflict as to the time expiring before Haskett jerked the discharge hose out of the intake pipe, but the jury could well have found that it was some minutes, giving ample time to shut off the flow of gasoline and move the truck, had the operator been engaged in doing this as Haskett thought was the case. It is true the driver testified that he warned Haskett against disconnecting the discharge hose, but Haskett denied this, and the gasoline, not having been shut off when the discharge hose was jerked out of the intake pipe, ran freely, and the flames spread rapidly, finally reaching the building and destroying it. The driver also claimed that jerking the hose from the intake pipe spread the gasoline and the fire so as to prevent him from reaching the truck and shutting off the flow of gasoline and driving it out of the station. The owner of the station was confronted with an emergency in trying to protect his property in disconnecting the discharge hose so that the truck might be moved, and the jury could have found that he did not disconnect the hose from the intake pipe until after he directed the driver of the truck to move it and gave him time enough to shut off the gasoline and start the truck. But for the negligence of the driver of the truck in leaving the hose unattended with the lever thereon "propped down" so that the gasoline would continue to flow concurring with the negligence of Hayden in throwing the lighted match to the ground, the injury would not have occurred. Bennett v. Bell, 176 Ark. 690, 3 S.W.2d 996; Jonesboro L. C. E. R. Co. v. Wright; 170 Ark. 815, 281 S.W. 374. The jury was also warranted in finding that the conduct of Haskett, the owner of the station, under the circumstances and in the emergency, was not such contributory negligence, if contributory negligence at all, as would bar his right to recovery. The negligence of the operator of the truck in connecting the discharge hose with the intake pipe, "propping down" the lever and releasing the flow of gasoline which would otherwise have closed the discharge hose if it had not been so fixed, and leaving it unattended with the gasoline flowing, concurring with the negligent act of the third person, Hayden, in throwing the lighted match down near enough to the waste gasoline to ignite it, was the proximate cause of the injury and damage, as the jury, whose province it was to determine the question, found. Pulaski Gas Co. v. McClintock, 97 Ark. 576, 134 S.W. 1199; Commonwealth Public Service Co. v. Lindsay, 139 Ark. 283, 214 S.W. 9; Morgan v. Cockrill, 173 Ark. 910, 294 S.W. 44.
Instruction No. 3 was properly refused, since in effect it took away from the jury entirely the question of whether the conduct of Haskett in pulling the hose out of the intake pipe amounted to contributory negligence such as would bar recovery, only submitting the question of whether his conduct and the effect of it constituted the proximate cause of the spread of the fire.
Instruction No. 8, given by the court, was more favorable to appellants than they were entitled to. It told the jury that, if they should find Riley, the employee of appellants, was negligent in the premises at the time of the fire, and that such negligence was one of the causes of the fire, "but further find that the negligence of the plaintiff, C. C. Haskett, was one of the contributing causes of the fire, or that he failed to exercise that degree of care which an ordinarily prudent man would exercise under like circumstances," then they were instructed to find for the defendant as against both of the plaintiffs, "because the contributory negligence, if any, of the plaintiff, C. C. Haskett, is a complete bar in this case, regardless of whether or not there was some negligence on the part of the defendants through their employee." The instruction States, "but further find that the negligence of the plaintiff, C. C. Haskett, was one of the contributing causes of the fire," clearly assuming that the plaintiff was negligent, and the attempt to define negligence in connection with this did not relieve against the error in assuming that the plaintiff was negligent, and was not remedied by stating that the jury should render a verdict against both plaintiffs because "the contributory negligence, if any, of the plaintiff, C. C. Haskett, is a complete bar in this case."
The jury were warranted in finding that the negligence of appellants, concurring with the conduct of Hayden in carelessly throwing the lighted match where it ignited the gasoline, was the proximate cause of the injury; and the testimony is amply sufficient to warrant the verdict. The jury did not find that appellees were guilty of contributory negligence that would bar recovery, notwithstanding the instruction of the court that was so confusing as to be more favorable to appellants than they were entitled to.
On the whole case we do not find any reversible error, and the judgment is accordingly affirmed.