Summary
In Musselman v. Mutual Automobile Ins. Co. (1954), 266 Wis. 387, 63 N.W.2d 691, we again carefully reviewed the question and adhered to the holding in Frye v. Theige, supra, with two justices dissenting.
Summary of this case from Bauman v. GilbertsonOpinion
March 3, 1954 —
April 6, 1954.
APPEAL from a judgment of the circuit court for Milwaukee county: WM. F. SHAUGHNESSY, Circuit Judge. Affirmed.
For the appellant there was a brief and oral argument by N. Paley Phillips and Jack R. Jewell, both of Milwaukee.
For the respondent there was a brief by Puhr, Peters, Holden Schlosser, and oral argument by Wayne W. Schlosser, all of Sheboygan.
Action by plaintiff Emmet H. Musselman against defendant Mutual Automobile Insurance Company of the Town of Herman for damages arising out of personal injuries sustained in an accident which occurred while plaintiff was riding as a passenger in his own automobile, driven by one George T. Dehnel. Defendant company had issued a public-liability insurance policy upon the car to the plaintiff. Defendant answered alleging that, by reason of the exclusion clause contained in the policy, bodily-injury coverage is not extended to the named insured, and moved for summary judgment. The motion was granted and from the judgment dismissing the complaint and granting costs and disbursements to defendant, plaintiff appeals.
Among other things, the policy contains the following provisions:
"I. Coverage A — Bodily-Injury Liability
"To pay on behalf of the insured all sums which the insured shall become obligated to pay by reason of the liability imposed upon him by law for damages, including damages for care and loss of services, because of bodily injury, including death at any time resulting therefrom, sustained by any person or persons, caused by negligence and arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of the automobile.
"III. Definition of `Insured'
"The unqualified word `insured' wherever used in Coverages A and B and in other parts of this policy when applicable to such coverages, includes not only the named insured but also any person while using the automobile and any person or organization legally responsible for the use thereof, provided the declared and actual use of the automobile is `pleasure and business' or `commercial,' each as defined herein, and provided further that the actual use is with the permission of the named insured. . . .
"This policy does not apply: . . .
"(q) Under Coverage A, to any obligation for which the insured or his employee or any company as insurer or either may be held liable under any workmen's compensation law; or to bodily injury to or death of any person who is named insured."
This case is governed by Frye v. Theige (1948), 253 Wis. 596, 34 N.W.2d 793. There, as here, the plaintiff named insured, who was riding in his own automobile driven by another with his permission, sought to recover against his insurance company for the negligence of his permittee.
Plaintiff contends, however, that the holding of the Frye Case has been overruled by the subsequent decisions in Sandstrom v. Estate of Clausen (1951), 258 Wis. 534, 46 N.W.2d 831, and McMann v. Faulstich (1951), 259 Wis. 7, 47 N.W.2d 317. We cannot agree. Both of those cases were concerned with the definition of the "insured" as applied to the exclusion clause of bodily injury to or death of any employee of the insured while engaged in the employment. The same situation was presented in the recent case of Schneider v. Depies (1954), ante, p. 43, 62 N.W.2d 431.
But we are here concerned with the applicability of the clause which excludes coverage of bodily injury or death of "any person who is named insured." That was the question in the Frye Case, and it was there held (p. 601):
"The additional assured is not protected in case plaintiff is the named assured. Neither, however, is the named assured protected in that same situation. The mere fact that the situation does not come up in respect to the named assured because he is ordinarily driving his car and injured by his own negligence appears to us to be wholly immaterial. Nobody can or does receive protection against liability for injuries to the named assured. The named assured is excluded from protection as well as the additional assured. There is no discrimination and we see no reason to abandon the decisions of the earlier cases on this point. The only statutory limitations upon the powers of the parties to contract are those contained in sec. 204.30(3), Stats., which requires the omnibus coverage clause, and sec. 204.34(2) which forbids general exclusion of coverage on the basis of relationship to the assured. We see no ground upon which this court can properly limit the power of contract beyond the prescriptions of the statutes. The fact that the foregoing limitations have been put by statute upon the power to contract indicates a legislative view that public policy calls for no other limitation. The earlier cases have stood without legislative interference for a considerable time and policies have been issued and rates made in reliance upon them. We think that we should adhere to the rule of these cases."
The holding in that case has in no sense been modified or overruled by the cases plaintiff cites.
Plaintiff points out that the language of the exclusion clause here involved does not contain the word "a" preceding the words "named insured," whereas the phraseology of the clause considered in the Frye Case was "a named insured." We cannot see that such difference changes the meaning of the language in any way. Musselman, the plaintiff, is the insured named in the policy. Under no definition of the word "insured" can any person other than Musselman be considered a named insured. The proposition is too self-evident to warrant further discussion.
By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.
In noting our dissent, Mr. Justice BROADFOOT and I consider that the amount of our effort ought to be measured by the probable paucity of its effect, and therefore respectfully call attention to the dissenting opinion in Frye v. Theige, 253 Wis. 596, 602, 34 N.W.2d 793, 796.