Opinion
October 9, 1933.
November 27, 1933.
Wills — Construction — Whole will — Disinheriting heir — Life estate — Gift over upon death without children surviving.
1. Where a testamentary trust provides for the payment of the income to the daughter of testatrix during her life, and, upon her death, to the grandchildren of testatrix, A and B, and directs the conveyance to the latter of the one-half interest of A when he becomes of age but continues the trust as to B during his life, and then provides that should B die during the life of A, his brother, B's share is to be granted to A, and further provides for a gift over in the event that A and B die without children surviving them, the interest of B is not merely a life estate which upon his death passes to A, but, upon the death of B with children surviving him, B's interest passes to his children. [360-62]
2. A will must be construed as a whole and so that all its provisions may take effect. [362]
3. A will must be so construed as not to disinherit an heir, except where required by plain words or necessary implication. [362]
Before FRAZER, C. J., SIMPSON, KEPHART, SCHAFFER, MAXEY, DREW and LINN, JJ.
Appeal, No. 224, March T., 1933, by Harry C. McGraw, legatee, from decree of O. C. Allegheny Co., April T., 1933, No. 186, in estate of Eveline Murray, deceased. Decree affirmed.
Exceptions to decree of distribution on account of trustee. Before TRIMBLE, P. J., MITCHELL and CHALFANT, JJ.
The opinion of the Supreme Court states the facts.
Exceptions dismissed. Legatee appealed.
Error assigned, inter alia, was decree, quoting record.
Ralph D. McKee, with him George E. Alter, of Alter, Wright Barron and George M. Swan, for appellant.
S. M. Hazlett, with him Edward J. I. Gannon and Charles P. Walter, of Hazlett, Gannon Walter, for appellee.
Argued October 9, 1933.
Harry C. Magraw [McGraw] has appealed from a decree of the Orphans' Court of Allegheny County dismissing his exceptions to the decree of distribution entered on the final account of a testamentary trustee under the will of Eveline Murray. The following are the most salient of the facts submitted to the court below under an agreed statement.
Testatrix died September 8, 1883. By her will she established a separate use trust of real estate owned by her, directing that the income should be paid to her daughter Louisa Magraw for life. She further provided that, at the death of her daughter, the trust should continue in equal shares for the benefit of Bartram and Harry Magraw, sons of Louisa. The instrument directed that the one-half interest of Harry be conveyed to him when he became of full age, but continued the trust as to Bartram during his lifetime. The will then provided: "and should the said Bartram die during the lifetime of said Harry his brother then to grant said Bartram's moiety to him said Harry. And in trust further if said Bartram and Harry die without children surviving them then to the heirs of their mother Louisa her heirs. . . . . ." It is the interpretation of the clauses just quoted which gives rise to the present controversy.
Louisa died September 18, 1890. Harry Magraw, who is still living, reached his majority many years ago and at that time received a conveyance of his half of his grandmother's estate. Bartram died January 12, 1933, and the contest over his share, held in trust during his lifetime, is between his children and Harry. The court below decided the issue in favor of the children of Bartram and we see no reason to disturb the decree so entered.
Appellant contends that Bartram's interest was but a life estate which, by the terms of the will, was to pass to Harry on his brother's death, and further asserts that the intention of testatrix is so clear and unequivocal that no doubt may be cast upon the gift over to Harry by subsequent ambiguous terms in the will. To reach appellant's conclusion we must necessarily disregard the phraseology of the latter of the two portions of the will quoted above, for the obvious implication of the clause which reads, "And in trust further if said Bartram and Harry die without children surviving them then to the heirs of their mother Louisa, her heirs," is that Harry is to take Bartram's share only if the latter dies without children. Appellant attempts to escape from this construction by arguing that the clause just mentioned was inserted to cover the contingency that Harry might die in the lifetime of Bartram and to provide for the ultimate distribution of both shares. But there again, if testatrix intended Bartram's interest to terminate at his death, in providing for the possible death of Harry before Bartram, the gift over to the heirs of Louisa would not be predicated upon the death of Bartram without children surviving him. Plainly, by the language of the will, Bartram's share would pass to his children if Harry predeceased him. We cannot presume that testatrix desired to disinherit Bartram's children if Harry outlived Bartram, and not otherwise. The will was written many years ago when the two brothers were but children. The grandmother could not have had any prejudice against their then unborn offspring. The natural and equitable interpretation of this testamentary paper indicates that Harry was to receive Bartram's share if the latter died before his brother without children surviving him. Testatrix also contemplated that if Harry died before Bartram, the share of the latter was to revert to the heirs of Louisa, their mother, in default of surviving issue of either brother.
No other construction will give effect to every part of the instrument and it is well established that a will must be construed as a whole and so that all its provisions may take effect. In addition, the construction not only must avoid inconsistencies, if possible, but also must not disinherit an heir, except where required by plain words or necessary implication: Moore's Est., 241 Pa. 253. See also Patton's Est., 268 Pa. 367, and cases there cited. "In arriving at the intent of the [testatrix] we must seek to give effect to every part of the will and give harmony to the whole instrument": McDevitt's App., 113 Pa. 103, 107.
The decree of the court below is affirmed at appellant's cost.